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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chamberlain's gaffe means that who becomes prime minister
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Churchill
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France is invaded in 1940, what failed
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Marginot Line
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What government was put in place by the Nazi Monstrosity and who led it
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Vichy Government led by Petain
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Who led the French Resistance
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de Gaulle
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US was initially
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isolationist
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US's policies were initially
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-"Cash and carry" - offer goods for money
-Peace Time Draft -Lend Lease Act 1941 - being openly supplying the allies ("Arsenal of Democracy") |
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Battle of Britain was German attempt for Luftwaffe (air force of Germany) to gain superiority of the British (which was called?) and to
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Royal Air Force, clear way for invasion
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British used what new technology to help challenge German raids
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radar
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End result of Battle of Britain
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Germans quit and don't invade GB and unites British people in war
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Operation Barbarossa was
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German invasion of Soviet Union
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How did Operation Barbarossa fare on the "largest battles list"
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it was the largest battle in history, Soviets lost nearly 9 million soldiers and 15-20 million civilians, and Axis lost 5 million
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Stalin assumed Germans wouldn't attack as
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Russia was giving Germany substantial food aid
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Ultimately, Operation Barbarossa was a failure because
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despite rolling Soviets back 1000+ miles, the large Soviet population that was forced to fight to the death + harsh weather conditions = impossible victory for superior Axis forces
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What was significant about the Battle of Stalingrad
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both sides saw city as a key morale boost, and although the Soviets outlasted the Germans, both sides suffered massive casualties
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Battle of El-Alamein had which Axis general known as the "Desert Fox"
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Rommel, for consistent victories over allies in North Africa
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British countered Rommel with a new commander named
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Montgomery
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Allies took advantage of what, and defeated the German army in North Africa, protecting the Suez Canal and Middle East oil fields
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Rommel's supply shortages
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Germans surrendered
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in Africa by mid-1943
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D-Day was on what day
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6/6/1944
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D-Day utilized what and what to spread out German forces
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air superiority and months of bombings + deceptive tactics
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D-Day was led by whom, a dude that was the Supreme Commander of Allied Forces
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
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D-Day's consequences
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successful and over the next month the Allies established position all the way to river Seine, but casualties were steep
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D-Day impact
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the allied invasion is largely seen as the beginning of the end for the Nazis
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Battle of the Bulge (1944-45) was
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the last attempt by the Nazis to attack the Allied Forces
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Battle of the Bulge ended up
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surprising Allies and created a bulge in Allied Lines but ultimately failed
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Battle of the Bulge was initially aided by
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bad weather as Allies' superior air force could not be used
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The heaviest fighting for the Americans in the Western Front was
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in the Battle of the Bulge
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Tojo's philosophy
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Japanese militarism
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Japanese aggression (invading China (then Indochina)) leads to
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US embargo
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Pearl Harbor date
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12/7/1941
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Who won World War II
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Axis Powers
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Who was winning early in the Pacific War
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Japanese dominated
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General MacArthur replied "I shall return" after
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Japanese took Philippines
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Battle of the Coral Sea
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first time Japanese were halted
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Doolittle Raid
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US bombed Japan, was significant because...
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Kamikaze
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Divine Wind - the Mongols were going to invade Japan, but a hurricane destroyed the Mongols, so the Mongols turned back. Japan thought that they couldn't be invaded, but then the Doolittle Raid puts a blip on that
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What was the strategy that the Americans employed during the Pacific War
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Island Hopping
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Atomic Bomb was dropped first on
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Hiroshima
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Rape of Nanjing
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Japanese murder the Chinese in incredibly cruel and sadistic ways, Chinese babies are used for target practice, million Chinese women are raped
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In the Holocaust, how many Jews were killed
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up to 6 million Jews (2/3 of European Jewry), up to 1.5 million children
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Holocaust in general has
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15-20 million dead including Roma, mentally disabled, Polish and Soviet civilians (around 6 million), homosexuals, communists, etc.
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Einsatzgruppen did what
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rounded up and executed Jews in conquered territories, responsible for 1.4 million executions
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Final Solution
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Hitler's order to wipe out Jews from Europe
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Nuremberg Trials
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war crimes meant people were sentenced to life in prison or death
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Eichmann escaped
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to Argentina, found years later by the Israelis, brought to Israel, tried, and hanged
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Yalta
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Allied powers agreed to divide Austria and Germany into zones of occupation
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Yalta decided that Berlin would be divided into four parts
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Soviet, American, French, British
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Yalta decided that other countries would be granted self-determination (right to determine own future) like
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Poland
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Soviets hoped for
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"buffer zone"
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Potsdam - second meeting, five principles
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1. Germany would be one country (although temporarily divided)
2. Germany must be demilitarized 3. Nazi party must be outlawed 4. Germany should be rebuilt as a democracy 5. Individuals responsible for war crimes should be brought to trial -Potsdam not that successful and Soviets bullied their way to gains |
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Soviets want to retain territory that they took from
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Poland in Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
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To make up for this, Poland receives
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German territory to the west
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Total, Germany loses
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25% of land
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Many Germans in other places immigrated back to Germany and this leads to...
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leads to lack of jobs
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Problems
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reparations and displaced persons
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Nuremberg Trials
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22 Nazi leaders tried with crimes against humanity, 12 sentences to death and 7 life in prison (others committed suicide), Victor's Justice? Where are the Soviets being tried here?!1??!?!?!?!?!?!!11111!?!?!?!?!1121?!!?!??!
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US occupied ____ post World War II
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Japan
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Who jointly led Japan
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Hirohito and MacArthur
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The occupation established a
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free market democracy
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Japan was demilitarized, but
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US guaranteed its safety/security
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With US help and free market (enterprise), Japan emerged as
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dominant economy in Asia, and one of the strongest in the world
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India divided into
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India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka
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Another important country that was created was
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Israel
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United Nations is divided into
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General Assembly and Security Council
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Permanent members have
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veto power
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General Assembly
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any nation that wished to join, had equal voting power regardless of size, created budget, elected general and judges of International Court of Justice
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Security Council
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Five permanent members (GB, China, France, SU, and US) and 10 temporary members on two year rotating terms
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UN adopted
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Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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In 1950 there were only 4 independent countries in Africa
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South Africa, Egypt, Liberia, and Ethiopia
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Are they really ready for independence? Problems
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1. Lack of unity (random boundaries)
2. Lack of economic development (much of resources foreign owned) 3. Decline of Traditional African Ways 4. Lack of Education (1965 - more than 80% of adults were illiterate), exceptions: ex. Tanzania |
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Nationalist leaders often started out advocating
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democracy and later turned to dictatorship
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Differences by rule, French
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Assimilation
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Differences by rule, GB
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indirect rule
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Differences by rule, Portugal/Belgium
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Oppression
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Kenya, ruled by
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British
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Mau Mau
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radical group that used violence for goals, led by Kikuyu (ethnic group)
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Jomo Kenyatta became
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first president, had spent much of independence movement in jail
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Ethnic conflict between
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Kikuyu vs. Kalenjin
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Ghana had independence in 1957 with a
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peaceful transition
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First president of Ghana
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Kwame Nkhrumah
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In West Africa, there were less
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European settlers so Brits gave up independence more quickly
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Nkrumah
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became dictator and was overthrown himself in 1966
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South Africa had independence, but
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white minorities keep control in British owned colonies
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The goods in South Africa were
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rich farmland + world's leading producer of gold and diamonds
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Black South African were what percentage of the population
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75% of population, had few rights
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Apartheid
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complete racial separation (segregation)
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African Nation Congress led by
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Mandela began protesting, Mandela put in jail for life
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Gradually, the world responded with
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economic sanctions
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1990 Mandela released from prison by
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President FW de Klerk
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Apartheid laws repealed by
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Parliament
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Who won World War II
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Axis powers
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Mandela elected as
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nation's first black president in 1994
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GB promised Israel their own state with
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Balfour Declaration of 1917
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Mandates get independence
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after WW2, except Palestine does not and part of that territory becomes Israel
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Today, Israel is the site of what kind of conflict
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religious tension (Jews vs. Muslims)
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Issue of Resources
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Water and Oil
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Gandhi promoted what kind of resistance
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passive resistance
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Brits met boycotts with
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restrictions of civil liberties and violence - backfired
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1935, India received
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"home rule", but not full independence
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Tension increased via what event
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WW2
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Gandhi declared that there needs to be a
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British "Quit India" movement
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Jinnah
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Gandhi's pal, wanted separate Muslim state
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1947
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independence for India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka
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Kashmir
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region of dispute for the Indians and Pakistanis because of the near equal concentration of Hindus and Muslims
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Pakistan Civil War is a war between
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East Pakistan and West PAkistan
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In 1971, results in the creation of
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Bangladesh
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