Pol Sci I Midterm-Flashcards 5

Front 1

Civil Rights:

Back 1

Protection of historically disadvantaged groups from infringement of their equality rights by discriminatory action.

Front 2

Thirteenth Amendment:

Back 2

Civil War amendment that specifically prohibited slavery in the United States

Front 3

Fourteenth Amendment:

Back 3

Civil War amendment that provided all persons with the privileges and immunities of national citizenship; the guarantee of equal protection of the laws by any state; and the safeguard of due process to protect one's life, liberty, and property from state interference.

Front 4

Fifteenth Amendment:

Back 4

Civil War amendment that extended suffrage to former male slaves.

Front 5

Jim Crow Laws:

Back 5

Legislation in the South that mandated racial segregation in facilities such as restaurants and restrooms.

Front 6

De Jure Segregation:

Back 6

Segregation mandated by law or decreed by govrnment officials.

Front 7

De Facto Segregation:

Back 7

Segregation that occurs because of past economic and social conditions such as residential racial patterns.

Front 8

Civil Rights Act of 1964:

Back 8

Historic Legislation that prohibited racial segregation in public accommodations and racial discrimination in employment, education, and voting.

Front 9

Voting Rights Act of 1965:

Back 9

Federal Legislation that outlawed literacy test and empowered federal officials to enter southern states to register African American voters; the act dismantled the most significant barriers to African Americans' suffrage rights.

Front 10

Rational Basis Test:

Back 10

Equal protection test used by Supreme Court that requires a complainant to prove that the use of classification such as age gender, or race is not reasonable means of achieving a legitimate government objective.

Front 11

Intermediate Scrutiny Test:

Back 11

Equal protection test used by the Supreme Court that requires the government to prove that the use of classification such as age , gender, or race is substantially related to an important government objective.

Front 12

Strict Scrutiny Test:

Back 12

Equal Protection test used by the Supreme Court that places the greatest burden of proof on the government to prove that classifications such as age, gender, or race are the least restrictive means to achieve a compelling objective.

Front 13

Affirmative Action:

Back 13

Programs that attempt to provide members of disadvantaged groups with enhanced opportunities to secure jobs, promotions, and admission tot education institutions

Front 14

Regents of the university of California . Bakke:

Back 14

The 1978 Supreme Court case that declared unconstitutional the use of racial quotas to achieve a diverse student body but allowed the use of race as one of many factors in admissions decisions.

Front 15

Reverse Discrimination:

Back 15

Argument that the Use of Race as a fctor in

affirmative action programs constitutes unconstitutional discrimination against the majority population.

Front 16

Korematsu V. United States:

Back 16

the 1944 Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of the U.S. government's internment of more than a hundred thousand Americans of Japanese descent during World War II

Front 17

Homophobia:

Back 17

Irrational fear and hatred directed toward persons who are homosexuals

Front 18

Civil Union

Back 18

Legal recognition by a state of a gay or lesbian relationship; allows gays and lesbian coups to receive the same state benefits as heterosexual married couples

Front 19

Equal Rights Amendment:

Back 19

The proposed constitutional amendment that would have prohibited national and state governments from denying equal rights on the bases of sex.

Front 20

Comparable Worth:

Back 20

The notion that individuals performing different jobs that require the same amount of knowledge, effort, skill, responsibility, and working conditions should receive equal compensation; the proposal would elevate the pay structure of many jobs traditionally performed by women.

Front 21

Sexual Harassment:

Back 21

The practice of awarding jobs or job benefits in exchange for sexual favors, or the creation of a hostile work or education environment by unwarranted sexual advances or sexual conversation.

Front 22

Civil Rights Movement:

Back 22

The litigation and mobilization activities of African Americans in the second half of the twentieth century that led to a greater realization of equality for all disadvantaged groups.