Poetry Exam

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Analysis

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A separation of literary work into elements

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Explication

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Explains the entire poem in detail unraveling its complexities

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comparison & Contrast

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Places two poems side by side & their differences & similarities in order to shed light on both works

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Verse

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Refers to any single line of poetry or any composition written in separate lines of more or less regular rhythm in contrast to prose

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Theme

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A generally recurring subject or idea noticeably evident in literary work

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Lyric Poem

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A short poem expressing the thoughts & feelings of a single speaker

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Lyric Poem

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A short poem expressing the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker

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Dramatic Monologue

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A poem written as a speech made by a character at some decisive moment

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Tone

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Conveys an attitude toward the person addressed

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Persona

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A fictitious character created by an author to be the speaker of a literary work

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Irony

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A discrepency between what is said and what is meant.

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Verbal Irony

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A mode of expression in which the speaker or writer says the opposite of what is really meant.

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Sarcasm

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A style of bitter irony intended to hurt or mock its target

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Dramatic Irony

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A situation in which the speaker or writer says the opposite of what is really meant

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Cosmic Irony (overstatement)

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The contrast between a character's position or aspiration and the treatment he or she receives at the hands of seemingly hostile fate

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Diction

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Word choice or vocabulary ; Refers to the class of words that an author chooses as appropriate work

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Concrete

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Words that specifically name or describe things or persons; words refer to what we can immediately perceive with our senses

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Abstract

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Words that expresses general ideas or concepts

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Allusion

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A brief, sometimes indirect, reference in a text to a person, place, or thing

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Augustan Age/Neoclassical

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The greatest period of Roman Literature

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Denotation

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A meaning as defined in a dictionary

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Connotation

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An association or additional meaning that a word, image, or phrase may carry, apart from its literal denotation

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Imagery

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The collective set of images in a poem or other literary work

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Figures of Speech

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An expression or comparison that relies not on its literal meaning, but rather on its connotation and suggestions

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Metaphor

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A statement that one thing is something else, which in literal since is not; a comparison using "like" or "as"

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Simile

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A comparison using "like" or "as"

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Personification

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A figure of speech in which a thing or animal or an abstract term is made human

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Apostrophe

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A way of addressing someone or something invisible or not ordinarily spoken to

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Hyperbole(overstatement)

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not literal truth, but use of a figure of speech

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Understatement

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Implying more that said

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Metonymy

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The name of a thing is substituted for that of another closely associated with it

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Synecdoche

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The use of a part of a thing to stand for the whole of it or vice versa

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Paradox

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Occurs in a statement that at first strikes us as self-contradictory, but that on reflection reveals some deeper sense

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Pun

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A play on words in which one word is substituted for another similar or identical sound, but very different meaning.

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Euphony

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The harmonious effect when the sounds of the words connect with the meaning in a way pleasing to the ear

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Cacophony

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A harsh, discordant sount often mirroring the meaning of the context in which is used.

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Onomatopoeia

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A literary device that attempts to represent a thing or action by the word that imitates the sound associated with it

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Alliteration

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The repetition of two or more vowel sounds in successive words, which creates a kind of rhyme.

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Assonance

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The repetition of two or more vowels sounds in successive words, which creates a kind of rhythm

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Internal Rhyme

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Rhyme that occurs within a line of poetry, as opposed to end rhyme

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Exact Rhyme

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A full rhyme in which the sounds following the initial letters of the words are identical in sound and hollow, go and slow, disband and this hand

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Slant Rhyme

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A rhyme in which the final consonant sounds are the same but the vowel sounds are different, as in an letter, bone and bean

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Consonance

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A kind of rhythm in which the linked words share similar consonant sounds but consonant sound is identical, as in fame and room, crack and truck aka slant rhyme

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End Rhyme

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Rhyme that occurs at the end of lines, rather than within them. most common kind of rhyme in english-language poetry

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Masculine Rhyme

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Either a rhyme of one syllable words (as in fox and socks) or in polysyllabic words- a rhyme on the stressed final syllables: con-trive and sur-vive

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Feminine Rhyme

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A rhyme of two or more syllables with a stress on a syllable other than the last, as in tur-tle and fer-tile

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Eye Rhyme

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Rhyme in which the spelling of the words appears alike, but the pronunciations differ, as in laughter and daughter, idea and flee

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Rhythm

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recurring pattern of stresses and pauses

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Stress

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An emphasis or accent placed on syllable

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Pause

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One of the causes in rhythms in poetry

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Foot

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Basic unit of measurement in metrical poetry

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Meter

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Rhythmic patter of stresses in verse

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Iambic

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Metrical foot in verse, unaccented syllable followed by accented one

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Anapestic

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Two unstressed syllables followed by a stressed syllable

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Trochiac

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Stressed followed by unstressed

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Dactylic

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One stressed syllable followed by unstressed ones

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Accentual

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Verse meter based on number of stresses per line not number of stresses

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Caesura

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A light of verse that ends in a full pause

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End-stopped

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Line of verse that ends in a full pause

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Run-on

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Line of a verse that does not end in punctuation but carries on grammatically to the next line

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Rising

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Movement rises from an unstressed syllable to stress

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Falling

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Trochaic and dactylic meters (stress to unstress)

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Monosyllabic

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Contain no unaccented syllables (only accented)

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Spondee

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Two stressed syllables

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Scansion

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A practice used to describe rhythmic patterns in a poem by separating the metrical feet

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Prosody

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Study of metrical structures in poetry

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Monometer

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One foot

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Dimeter

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2 feet

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Trimeter

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3 Feet

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Tetrameter

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4 feet

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Pentameter

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5 feet

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Hexameter

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7 feet

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Octameter

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8 feet

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Closed Meter

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poetry in meter, rime, lines, or stanzas; a set structure

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Open form

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Has no set scheme, no regular meter or pattern, also "free verse"

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Epic

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Long narrative poem about adventures of a hero

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Blank Verse

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Contains 5 iambic feet per line and is not rimed

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Couplet

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A 2-line stanza in poetry, usually rimed with lines of equal length

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Heroic Couple

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Couplets of epic heroes

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Parallel

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Sentences side by side in agreement or similarity

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Antithesis

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In contrast and opposition

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Tercet

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Group of three line, one rhyme song

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Terza Rima

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Verse form made up of 3 line stanzas that are connected by an over lapping rhyme scheme

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Quatrain

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Stanza consists of 4 lines, most common

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English Sonnet

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Also called Shakespearean; 3 quatrains (a b a b c d c d e f e f g g)

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Italian Sonnet

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Also called Petrarchan; It rhymes the octave (first 8 lines) a b b a a b b a; the last 6 lines may follow any rhyme.

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Conventions

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Expected features such as themes, subjects, attitudes, or figures of speech

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Epigram

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A very short comic poem often turning at the end with some sharp wit or unexpected stinger

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Villanelle

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A fixed form consists of 6 rhymed stanzas in which 2 lines are repeated

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Sestina

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Complex verse form (song of sixes) 6 end words are repeated in a prescribed order through 6 stanzas

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Troilet

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Short lyric form of 8 rhymed lines 2 opening lines are repeated in a prescribed order through 6 stanzas

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Visual poetry

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Poem with a distinctive visible shape

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Symbol

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a person, place, or thing in a narrative that suggests meaning beyond its literal sense

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Conventional Symbol

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Symbols that, because of their frequent use, have acquired a standard significance; they carry recognizable meanings and suggestions