Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Gustillo & Anderson Classification |
Open Fractures classification Type 1:Wound <1cm long, little ST damage, no sign of crush, simple/transverse/oblique fx w/ little comminution Type II – Wound >1cm long, minor ST damage, slight/moderate crush injury, moderate comminution Type III – Extensive ST injury, high degree of comminution IIIa – ST coverage of bone is adequate, trauma high-energy |
|
ECKERT & DAVIS Classification |
Superior Peroneal Retinaculum rupture Grade I – The retinaculum is stripped away from the fibula, resulting in dislocation of the tendons. Grade II – The fibrocartilaginous ridge and the SPR is avulsed from the posterior aspect of the fibula. Grade III – a thin fragment of bone w/ cartilage is avulsed from deep surface of peroneal retinaculum & deep fascia Grade IV (Oden) – a mid-substance tear |
|
ESSEX-LOPRESTI Classification |
Calcaneal Fractures: Tongue Type – Primary fx line (Gissans straight down) + 2ndry line that extends straight posterior Joint Type – (Intra-articular) Primary fx line + 2ndry line to behind posterior facet
|
|
SANDER’S CLASSIFICATION |
CT scan at widest width of calcaneus Type I (A, B, and C) – nondisplaced articular fx. Type II (A, B, and C) – two part fx of posterior facet. Type III (AB, AC, and BC) – three part fx w/ central depressed segment. Type IV – comminuted fx of posterior facet. |
|
ROWE CLASSIFICATION |
Calcaneal fractures Type Ia – plantar (medial) calcaneal tuberosity fx Type Ib – sustentaculum tali Type Ic – anterior process fx Type IIa – “beak fracture,” no achilles involved Type IIb – avulsion fx of the tendo Achilles Type IIIa – extraarticular calcaneal body fx Type IIIb – same as IIIa, but comminuted. Type IVa&b – same as type III, but w/ STJ involvement. Type Va – intraarticular STJ fx w/ comminution and depression of the articular segment. |
|
HARDCASTLE CLASSIFICATION |
LISFRANC’S FRACTURES Type A – Total incongruity...either homolateral or homomedial Type B – Partial incongruity; not all metatarsals displaced in the same direction. Type C – Divergent; 1st metatarsal is medially dislocated, 2-5are either partially or completely laterally dislocated. |
|
BERNDT-HARDY CLASSIFICATION |
TALAR DOME LESIONS Stage I – small area of compression in subchondral bone. Stage II – partially detached osteochondral fragment. Stage IV – complete fx, out of crater. Poor prognosis |
|
DIAL a PIMP |
denotes the location of talar dome lesions – dorsiflexion internal rotation = anterior lateral lesion, plantarflexion inversion = medial posterior lesion. Lateral Lesions: (DIAL, 44% ) Thin, wafer shaped, easily displaced. |
|
JOHNSON AND STROM Classification |
PTTD (each stage includes previous) Stage I – Medial pain, tenosynovitis, mild weakness on heel-raise test Stage II – Medial/lateral pain, tendon elongation, flexible pes planus, too many toes sign Stage IV – Valgus talus, Ankle arthritis |
|
LAUGE-HANSEN CLASSIFICATION |
ANKLE FRACTURES SAD (Weber A) SER (Weber B posterior spike) PER (Weber C) PABD (Weber B superior spike) |
|
LAUGE-HANSEN CLASSIFICATION Supination – Adduction |
SAD 1. Transverse fx of lateral malleolus (Weber type A) 2. Vertical fx of medial malleolus (Muller type D) |
|
LAUGE-HANSEN CLASSIFICATION Supination – External Rotation |
SER 1. Rupture of anterior syndesmosis or fx of anterior (Tillaux-chaput fx[ant-inf-lat tibia], wagstaff fx [ant-inf-med fibia]) 2. Ant-inf oblique fx of lateral maleolus with posterior spike (weber B) 3. Rupture of posterior syndesmosis or fx of posterior malleolus of tibia 4. rupture of deltoid ligament or transverse fx of medial malleolus (Muller type A or B) |
|
LAUGE-HANSEN CLASSIFICATION Pronation – External Rotation |
PER 1. Medial malleolus transverse avulsive fx (muller A or B) or rupture of deltoid 2. Rupture of anterior syndesmosis or fx of anterior (Tillaux-chaput fx[ant-inf-lat tibia], wagstaff fx [ant-inf-med fibia]) 3. Obliaque spiral fx of superior fibula (Maison nueve; Weber type C) 4. Rupture of posterior syndesmosis or fx of posterior malleolus of tibia |
|
LAUGE-HANSEN CLASSIFICATION Pronation – Abduction |
PAB 1. Rupture of deltoid ligament or transverse fx of medial malleolus (Muller type A or B) 2. Rupture of anterior syndesmosis or fx of anterior (Tillaux-chaput fx[ant-inf-lat tibia], wagstaff fx [ant-inf-med fibia]) 3. Spiral oblique fx of fibula at level of ankle with superior spike (Weber type B) |
|
HAWKIN’S CLASSIFICATION |
TALAR NECK FRACTURES
Type I – minimal displacement, 7-15% chance of AVN Hawkin’s Sign – subchondral lucency of the body of the talus following fx; appears 6-8 weeks post fx; = revascularization |
|
STEWART CLASSIFICATION |
5TH METATARSAL BASE FRACTURES Type I – “Jones Fracture,” transverse fx of diaphyseal /metaphyseal junction. Healing potential is poor. Type II – Intraarticular avulsion fx Type III – Extraarticular avulsion fx Type V – (peds) Extraarticular fx through epiphysis |
|
EICHENHOLTZ, SHIBATA, YU Classification |
CHARCOT FOOT Stage 0 – swelling, warmth, w/ joint instability Stage I – destructive phase w/ joint laxity, subluxation, and osteochondral fragmentation Stage III – remodeling; revascularization and remodeling of bone and fragments |
|
Frykberg classification Charcot |
CHARCOT ANATOMIC CLASSIFICATION Zone 1 – Distal and proximal interphalangeal joints,metatarsophalangeal joints Zone 2 – Tarsometatarsal joints (Lisfrancs) Zone 5 – Calcaneus |
|
WAGNER CLASSIFICATION |
FOOT ULCERATION Grade 0 – Skin is intact, no open lesions. Grade 1 – Skin only lesion Grade 2 – Deeper lesion involving tendon, muscle, or bone Grade 3 – Grade 2 w/ infection (abscess, osteomyelitis) Grade 4 – Partial gangrene in the forefoot Grade 5 – Entire foot is gangrenous, no procedures possible |
|
UTSA CLASSIFICATION |
FOOT ULCERATION Grade 0 – pre or post ulcerative lesion, epithelialized Grade 1 – superficial wound, w/ out tendon, capsule or bone Grade 2 – wound penetrating to capsule, tendon, or bone Grade 3 – wound penetrating to bone or joint Type B – Infected, vascular wound Type C – Clean, ischemic wound Type D – Infected, ischemic wound |
|
FREIBERG AVN Classification |
AVN OF THE 2ND METATARSAL
Type I – no DJD, articular cartilage intact Type III – severe DJD, loss of articular cartilage Type IV – epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple head involvement
|
|
IDSA Classification |
Classification for Diabetic foot infection Uninfected: No SOI Mild: Local erythema < 2cm Moderate: erythema > 2cm or deep tissue involvement Severe: systemic evidence of infection |
|
CLARK & BRESLOW Classifications |
MALIGNANT MELANOMA CLARK (layer) Level 1 – epidermis to dermal/epidermal junction Level 2 – papillary dermis Level 3 – to reticular dermis Level 4 – reticular dermis Level 5 – subcutaneous fat BRESLOW (depth) Level 1 - <0.75mm Level 2 – 0.76-1.5mm Level 3 – 1.51-2.25mm Level 4 – 2.26-3.0mm Level 5 - >3mm |
|
RUEDI & ALLGOWER CLASSIFICATION |
PILON FRACTURES Type 1- Mild to moderate displacement & no comminution,w/o major disruption of ankle joint Type 2- Moderate displacement & no comminution w/ significant dislocation of ankle joint |
|
SALTER-HARRIS CLASSIFICATION |
EPIPHYSEAL FRACTURES Type I – shearing force, separation of epiphysis from metaphysis Type II - fx line extends through physis and exits metaphysis. Type III – fx line extends through physis and exits epiphysis Type IV – intraarticular fx through epiphysis, physis, and metaphysis. Type V – compression fx |
|
SNEPPEN Classification |
FRACTURES OF THE TALAR BODY Group I – Talar Dome Fracture/OCD (use Berndt-Hardy) Group II – Shear Fracture – 50% AVN; Coronal; Sagittal; Horizontal Group III – Posterior Tubercle Fracture (Shepherd’s Fx) Group IV – Lateral Process Fracture (Fjeldborg) |
|
MANOLI AND WEBER Classification |
COMPARTMENTS OF THE FOOT CALCANEUS: quadratus plantae, posterior tibial artery, vein, and nerve, lateral plantar artery, vein, nerve, medial plantar artery, vein, nerve, communicates with deep leg ADDUCTOR/INTEROSSEUS : interossei; adductor hallucis MEDIAL: flexor hallucis, abductor hallucis LATERAL: abductor digiti quinti, flexor digiti minimi SUPERFICIAL: flexor digitorum brevis, lumbricals (4), flexor digitorum longus tendons, medial plantar nerve
|
|
Critial Angle of Gissane: |
- The Angle of Gissane, or "Critical Angle", is the angle formed by the downward and upward slopes of the superior calcaneal surface. - Normal is 120-140 and a fractured calcaneus will increase this angle |
|
Bohler’s Angle |
- flat line over anterosuperior vs flat line over posterpsuperior - normal is 18-40 and it decreases in calcaneal fxs |
|
Rosenthal classification |
Nail injury classification Zone 1 – distal to distal phalanx Zone 2 – distal to lunula Zone 3 – proximal to lunula (Amputation of distal phalanx) |
|
JAHS Classification |
1ST MPJ DISLOCATIONS Type I – Hallux/sesamoid dislocation, no disruption of sesamoid apparatus, irreducible to closed reduction. Type IIa – closed reducible, disrupted intersesamoidal ligament Type IIc – open reduction, both IIa and IIb. |