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133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Artherosclerosis
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-degeneration of arteries by fatty dposits that narrow lumen of vessel
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Arteriosclerosis
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hardening of artery through calcification
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Thrombosis
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formation of blood cot or thrombus
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Embolus
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clots that have broken loose and are flowing through circulatory system
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Aneurysm
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permanent dilation of an artery
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3 types of Aneurysm
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saccular
fusiform pseudoneuryem |
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Raynaud's syndrome
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vasospasms of arteries leading to fingers & toes
caused by: 1 exposure to cold 2 emotionaly upset 3 ciggarettes |
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varicose veins
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enlarged irregular veins
caused by valve failure |
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Telangiectasia
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spider veins "tiny"
seen under skin |
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Thrombophlebitis
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inflamation of vein with blood clot formation superficial or deep
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Deep Vein Thrombosis DVT
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inflammation of deep vein with formation of thrombi
often produces emboli |
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Lymphedema
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painless swelling
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lymphangitis
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inflammation of a lymph vessel
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lymphadenopathy
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abnormal enlargement of lymph nodes
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peripheral neuropathy
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can be increased sensitivity
(burning or pins & needles) or decreased sensitivity (complete lack of sensation) |
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Morton's neuroma
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Perineural fibrosis (scaring) on nerve
usually between 3rd & 4th toes |
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Tarsal Tunnel syndrome
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inflammation of tibial nerve on medial foot near flexor retinaculum
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Sciatica
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inflammation of sciatic nerve from low back to bottom of foot
causes both sensory and motor malfunctions |
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Ganlgionic cyst
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soft tissue growth fille with synovial fluid
originates form joint or tendon sheath |
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tenotomy
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surgical release of tendon
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capsulotomy
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surgical release of joint capsule
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Arthoplasty
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surgical repair of joint
needed to repair hammer, mallet & claw toe deformities |
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osteotomy
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cut or incision in bone
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tailors bunion
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bunion on lateral side of foot
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bunion
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hallux valgus
big toe points lateral |
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cavus
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high arch
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triple arthodesis
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desis = binding
fusion of subtalar, calcaneocuboid & talonavicular joint |
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Forefoot varus
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digit 1 up digit 5 down
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rearfoot varus
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heal points from medial to lateral from bottom to top
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forefoot valgus
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digit 1 down and digit 5 up
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rearfoot valgus
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heal points from lateral to medial from bottom to top
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pes equinus
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plantar flexion due to shortened gastroc or soleus muscles
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onycho
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nail
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mycosis
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fungus
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onychomycosis
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fungal infection of nails
thickening with subungual debree |
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ungual
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nail
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onychogryphosis
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overgrowth or hypertroph of nail
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onychocryptosis
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ingrown nail
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ecchymosis
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bruise
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paronychia
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inflammation around ingrown nail borders
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erthematous
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red
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edematous
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swollen
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onychocryptosis
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ingrown nail
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psoraisis of the nails
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caused by the skin disease
pitting of the nail plate looks like onychomycosis |
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onycholysis
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seperation of nail plate beginning distal and moving proximal
occurs over period of time usually from trauma |
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periungual fibroma
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fibroid tumor located around area of nail folds
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hematoma
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bruise
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subungual exostosis
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bone spur under nail bed
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exostosis
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bone spur
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tyloma
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callous or thickening of skin from friction
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keritoma
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deep painful nucleated callous
usually caused by underlying bony prominence (bone spur) |
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Porokeritosis
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small nucleated callous located on plantar aspect of foot
usually caused by plugged pore or glandular duct |
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helo durum
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Hard corn
usually nucleated callous lying over dorsum of foot or distal end of toe |
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heloma molle
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soft corn
nucleated callous usually located inbetween toes retaining moisture |
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verruca
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wart
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verrucaplantaris
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plantar warts
from papilloma virus family |
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mosaic verruca
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warts clustered in large numbers adjoining one another
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verruca vulgaris
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common warts located on plantar surface of foot
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Nevus
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mole
benign pigmented lesion of skin from clussters of melanocytes in the skin |
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malignant melanoma
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skin cancer of melanocytes
can spread rapidly if not removed |
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tinea pedis
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athletes foot
fungal infection of skin of foot |
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tinea corporus
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ring worm
fungal infection of skin of body |
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cellulitis
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acute, spreading bacterial infection of skin
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abcess
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localized pocket of bacterial infection
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hyperhidrosis
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excessively sweaty feet
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bromohyperhidrosis
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stinky feet
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psoraisis
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chronic genetic autoimmune disease of skin
erythematous papules and plaques as well as silvery scales |
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contact dermatitis
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allergic rxn
inflamation of skin caused by cemical irritant |
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eczema
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inflammatory respons of skin to stimuli
skin may become thickened through long term inflammation |
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venous status dermatitis
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inflamation of the skin from stagnate venous retrun of blood from lower extremities
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ulcers
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wound on surface of skin cause by loss of tissue
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talipes equino varus
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club foot
whole foot is in equinus, varus, and adductus |
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talipes calcaneal valgus
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congenital foot deformity
foot is dorsiflexed and valgus position |
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varus toe
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varus rotation of a digit
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overlapping toe
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toes overlap
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hallus abducto valgus
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bunion
medial deviation and valgus rotation of hallux |
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hallux limitus
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significant decrease in dorsiflexion of 1st MP joint
usually accompanied by dorsal exostosis (bone spur) |
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hallux rigidis
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no dorsiflexion at 1st MP joint
accompanied by large dorsal exostosis (bone spur) |
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Hallus varus
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varus and medial deviation of hallux
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tailors bunion
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medial deviation of 5th toe with varus rotation
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brachymetatarsia
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inherently shortened metatarsal
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inferior calcaneal exostosis
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heel spur
from stress of plantar fascia |
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haglund's deformity
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pump bump
prominence of posteriosuperior portion of calcaneus inflamation of a bursal sac |
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calcaneal apophysitis
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inflammation of the growth plate
attachment of the achilles tendon |
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Freibergs disease
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aseptic necrosis at growth center of metatarsal head epiphysis from an infraction
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infraction
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incomplete fracture of bone
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sprain
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injury to a ligament
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strain
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injury to muscle or tendon
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tendonitis
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inflammation of tendon
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polydacty
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extra digits or portions of
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Plantar fibroma
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fibrous overgrowth of plantar fascia
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osteomelitis
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infection of bone
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pes planus
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flat foot (pronated)
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pes cavus
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high arch (supinated)
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intoeing
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pigeon toed
internally rotated lower extremity adducted position |
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metatarsus adductus
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adducted position of metatarsal bones leading to intoeing
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outtoeing
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externally rotated lower extremity abducted position
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osteoarthritis
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wear & tear
degenerateive disease of joints |
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rheumatoid arthritis
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autoimmune disease causing destruction of joints
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gouty arthritis
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monoarticular arthritis
caused by increased amounts of uric acid in blood 75% of the time it is 1st MP joint |
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psoriatic arthritis
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arthritis associated with the skin condition
usually affecting distal joints of fingers & toes |
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exam sequence
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dermatolgical exam
vascular exam neurological exam musculoskeletal exam gait exam |
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dermatological exam
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color
underlying structure temperature lesions nails texture turgor |
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xerosis
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very dry skin
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turgor
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level of skin hydration
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atrophic skin
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thin & shiny
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cyanotic
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blue
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rubor
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red
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pallor
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white
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Vascular exam
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genaral appearance (color & temp)
arterial system -posterior tibial artery -doralis pedis artery -capillary fill time |
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pulses to palpate
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DPP
PTP PP FP |
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capillary fill time
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press on toe until blanching then count time it takes for color to return
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subpapillary venous plexus filling time
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elevate leg before checking refill time
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pitting edema
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if you press down and hold for 15-30 seconds and a pit results
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reflexes
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patellar
achiles |
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Protective sensation
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monomfilament
vibration soft touch sharp or dull |
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proprioception
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grasp toe and see if they know where you move it
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nerve percussion
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tap on
common fibular tibial superficial fibular tinels sign or valleix phenomenon |
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tinel's sign
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percussion of nerve causing distal radiation
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valleix phenomenon
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percussion of nerve causing proximal & distal radiation
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Babinski
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run blunt object from heal to toe on plantar aspect
positive when toes fan and extend normal in infants up to 6 months positive means possible CNS damage |
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ankle clonus
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sharply dorsiflex foot
positive if rhytmic oscillations from plantar to dorsiflexion is caused positive indicitive of CNS damage |
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Chief complaint
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one line sentence in patients words that explains why they are there
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History of present illness
NLDOCAT |
everything the patient tells you about their chief complaint
Nature Location Duration Onset Carachter/course/cause Aggravating/allieviating Treatment |
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Past medical history
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list of current & past medical problems
include list of medications and allergies to medications Medical conditions Current medications Allergies Hospitalization/sugical history Family History Social history |
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Review of systems
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several questions for each system "head to toe"
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Vitals
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temp
heart rate blood pressure respirations height weight |
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SOAP stands for
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Subjective
Objective Assesment Plan |
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Subjective
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information the patient spouse or caregiver gives you
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Objective
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your objective observations
include measurements |
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Assesment
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how are things doing
what is the trend what else could be going on modifications being considered progress |
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Plan
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establish your plan to care for patient
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Sterilization of Instruments
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Autoclave
DryHeat Ethylene Oxide Gas Cold Chemical Sterilization |
