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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following should be considered before treatment:
Pre-existing conditions Pts immune status Age, weight Pregnancy risk Severity of Symptoms Stage of disease |
All of 'em
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What necessitates multiple treatment for effective elimination?
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Complex life-cycle
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Drug of choice for most intestinal nematode infections.
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Mebendazole (a Benzimidazole)
round worms are good at yoga ha ha |
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Poor oral absorption
Same dose for kids and adults Not cured, repeat in 3wks Good for whipworm Great for pinworm, roundworm and hookworm |
Mebendazole ( a Benzimidazole)
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Neuromuscular blocker
Poorly absorbed orally Available OTC Very effective agains pin and roundworms |
Pyrantel pamoate (PinRid)
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Intestinal round worms, think:
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Mebendazole
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Pinworms, think:
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PinRid
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Cestodes and Trematodes, think:
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Praziquantel (Bitricide)
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What about Cestodes and Trematodes allows specific targeting?
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diff in cell mem. Ca transport
(doesn't effect our cells, or nematodes) |
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how many doses of Praziquantel are typically required for treatment of cestodes and trematodes?
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Just One
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Absorption following oral dose is rapid with hepatic and renal excretion.
Safe, effective and BS Adverse effects are mild and generally related to parasite load. |
Praziquantel
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True or False
Not much is known regarding how drugs treating intestinal protazoa work. Poor absorption from intestinal lumen limits the usefulness of several drugs |
True
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Recommended for treatment of intestinal amoebiasis.
Effective against trophozoite and cyst forms. May alter thyroid test for up to 6 mo after treatment. |
Iodoquinol (Yodoxine, Diquinol)
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NO alcohol consumption
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Metronidazole and Tinidazole (Tindamax)
G(Tin) and Juice on the Metro |
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Rapid absorption following oral dosage
Disulfram-like effect with alcohol |
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
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effective against many protazoa and obligate anaerobi bacteria
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Metronidazole (Flagyl)
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indicated for treatment of trichomoniasis, giardiasis, and amoebiasis
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Metronidazole (Flagyl)
and Tindazole (Tindamax) |
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Similar to Metronidazole (Flagyl), but fewer side effects
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Tindazole (Tindamax)
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Used for African Trypanosomiasis
Early Stage: Late Stage (BBB): |
Pentamidine mesylate
Melarsoprol |
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Excretes waste via cell membrane or via vacuoles.
Unicellular eukaryotic Usually contain a single nucleus |
Protozoa
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Type of protozoa
Direct life cycle with cyst formation |
Intestinal Protozoa
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Type of protozoa
Direct life cycle w/o cyst formation |
Lumenal protozoa
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Type of protozoa
Indirect life cycle w/ intermediate host |
tissue protozoa
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Asexual division with equal division along an axis
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Merogony
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Asexual productionn where the nucleus divides multiple times, producing a schizont, followed by division of the cytoplasm producing multiple merozoites.
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Schizogony
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Sexual reproduction where cells pair, xchg material, separate, undergo nuclear reorganization and then divide by binary fission. Occurs in ciliates.
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Conjugation
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Sexual reproduction where two gametes fuse to form a zygote
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Syngamy
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Process of gamete formation
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Gametogony
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Asexual reproduction of the zygote following syngamy to increase the # of sporozoites
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Sporogony
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Most are free living and may be commensals in the intestinal tract
Pseudopodia |
Ameoba
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Nonmotile, spore forming,
ALL are parasitic Complex life cycle |
Sporozoa
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Obligate intracellular parasites
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Fungi: Microspora
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Flattened dorsoventrally
Non-segmented Multicellular Two multipurpose suckers Most are hermaphroditic All are parasitic Complex life style |
Platyhelminthes:
Trematodes, Flukes |
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Platyhelminthes:
Trematodes, Flukes How are they diagnosed? |
Ova in the feces
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Flattened ribbon like bodies
No digestive system, must absorb everything Hermaphroditic Proglottids-reproductive segments |
Platyhelinthes:
Cestoidea |
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Cestodia vs Trematodes/Flukes
Which has an indirect lifestyle. |
Cestodia
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Cestodia-tapeworms
Do they do more damage to thier adult or intermediate host? |
Intermediate
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How are adult cestoddia diagnosed?
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Finding egg or protoglottis in the feces
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Molt 4x before maturation
Complex digestive system Sexes are different, female is usually larger Life cycle varies |
Nematodes
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Sucking lice
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Anopleura
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House flies, 1 pair of wings
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Diptera
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true bugs, two pairs of wings
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Hemiptera
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Hymenoptera
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ants bees, wasps
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No wings, bilaterally compressed
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Siphonaptera
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