Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Good head control |
2-3 months |
|
|
Grasp and shakes rattle |
2-3 months |
|
|
Reaches for object or person |
3-4 months |
|
|
Rolls from front to back |
4-5 months |
|
|
Brings hands to midline |
4-5 months |
|
|
Rolls from back to front |
5-6 months |
|
|
Hand to hand object transfer |
5-6 months |
|
|
Unilateral reaching |
6-7 months |
|
|
Raking grasp |
6-7 months |
|
|
Sits alone |
7-8 months |
|
|
Finger feeding |
7-9 months |
|
|
Pincer grasp |
8-10 months |
|
|
Simple games- pat a cake |
9-10 months |
|
|
Creeps or crawls |
9-10 months |
|
|
Makes mark on paper with pencil/crayon |
10-12 months |
|
|
Pulls to standing |
cruises, 11-12 months |
|
|
Opens book/turns pages |
12-13 months |
|
|
Stands alone |
12 months-14 months |
|
|
Stacks 2 blocks |
12-15 months |
|
|
Walks forward |
12-16 months |
|
|
Walks backwards |
14-16 months |
|
|
Uses eating utensils |
15-17 months |
|
|
Walks up steps with assistance |
16-18 months |
|
|
Stacks 3 blocks |
17-18 months |
|
|
Simple puzzles (circles first) |
18-20 months |
|
|
Walks up and down steps alone |
22-24 months |
|
|
Stacks 6-7 blocks |
22-24 months |
|
|
Jumps with both feet |
24-28 months |
|
|
Balance on each foot 2 seconds |
2.5 years |
|
|
Tower of 8 cubes |
2.5 years |
|
|
Thumb wiggle |
2.5 years |
|
|
Hops |
3.5 years |
|
|
Walks upstairs alternating feet |
3.5 years |
|
|
Walks on tip toes |
3.5 years |
|
|
Copies circle |
3-3.5 years |
|
|
Heel to toe walking |
4.5 years |
|
|
Draws a person with 6 parts |
4.5 years |
|
|
Copies square |
5 years |
|
|
Responds to sound |
birth |
|
|
Smiles & coos |
2-3 months |
|
|
Laughs and expresses delight |
4-5 months |
|
|
Babbles |
5-6 months |
|
|
Dada and mama |
8-9 months |
|
|
Waves bye-bye |
8-9 months |
|
|
Understands no |
9-10 months |
|
|
2 words other than mama/dada |
11-12 months |
|
|
Jabbering |
12-13 months |
|
|
Begins to point to body parts |
15-18 months |
|
|
2 word phrases & sentences |
18-22 months |
|
|
30-50 words |
22-24 months |
|
|
What should an infant be able to do between birth and 1 month of age |
respond to sound at birth; grasp reflex/fisted hand, lifts head in prone position; stares at face by one month |
|
|
What should an infant be able to do at 2-3 months |
good head control; grasp and shakes rattle; smiles and coos; follows object past midline; lifts head 45 degrees in prone position; may reach for object/person @ 3 months |
|
|
What should an infant be able to do at 4-5 months |
put foot into mouth; rolls front to back; reaches for object/person; brings hands to midline; puts objects in mouth; laughs/expresses delight; smiles |
|
|
What should an infant be able to do at 5-6 months |
babbles with consonant sounds; rolls back to front; hand to hand object transfer; sits independently by 6 months; may unilaterally reach or raking grasp |
|
|
What should an infant be able to do at 7-9 months of age |
sits alone by 7-8 months; finger feeding; may have pincer grasp @ 8-9 months; says dada/mama; wave bye-bye; may understand no @ 9-10 months; pulls to stand; feeds self by 9 months |
|
|
What should an infant be able to do at 9-12 months |
creeps/crawls @ 9-10 months; pulls to stand/cruises @ 11-12 months; simple games (pat-a-cake @ 9-10 months); marks on paper with crayon @ 10-12 months; Understands no @ 9-10 months; understands 2-4 words besides mama/dada @ 11-12 months; helps turn book pages; releases object when requested; stands independently; walks holding on; points to wants; plays simple games @ 12 months |
|
|
What should an infant be able to do at 12-15 months |
stands alone; walks forward; may walk backward @ 14 months; stacks 2 blocks; turn book pages; jabbering @ 12-13 months; 15 months indicates wants; may name objects; several words; walks alone; hugs parents |
|
|
What should an infant be able to do at 16-18 months |
walks forward & backwards by 16 months; walks up steps with assistance; uses eating utensils; stacks 3 blocks by 17-18 months; begins to point to body parts (15-18 months) |
|
|
What should an infant be able to do at 18-22 months |
simple puzzles; walks up and down steps alone at 22-24 months; 2 word phrases/sentences |
|
|
What should a 2 year old be doing |
jumps with both feet; circular scribbling; may imitate line (by 2.5 years stacks 8 blocks, thumb wiggle, balance on each foot); 30-50 words/3 word sentences; runs/climbs/opens doors/listens to stories/helps to undress/walks up steps one at a time/uses spoon |
|
|
What should a 3 year old be doing |
copies circle/hops/walks upstairs alternating feet/walks on tip toes (3.5 years); build tower of 9 blocks; counts 3 objects; knows age/sex; rides tricycle; stands on one foot; parallel play; washes hands; helps to dress |
|
|
What should a 4 year old be doing |
heel to toe walking; draws a person with 6 parts (4.5 yrs); picks the longer of 2 lines; copies cross; tells a story; counts 4 objects; throws a ball; hops on one foot; uses scissors to cut pictures; interactive play; uses toilet alone |
|
|
What should a 5 year old be doing |
copies square; draws a person with 5-6 parts; names colors; counts to 10; skips; asks the meaning of words; dresses/undresses; hops 5 times |
|
|
What is the order of tooth eruption |
1. Lower (mandible) central incisors then max central incisors 2. Lower lateral incisor then max lateral incisor 3. Cuspids 4. 1st molars 5. 2nd molars |
|
|
First 3 stages- Freud |
Oral: 0-18 months; primary focus is the mouth (sucking/eating); major conflict=weaning; focused on the self with little differentiation from others; Anal: 18 months-3 years; primary focus=anal (elimination); major conflict=potty training; focus on rebellion vs. parental demands; Phallic: 3-6 years; primary focus=genitals (exploration); major conflict=oedipal; attracted to opposite sex parent; identifies with same sex parent |
|
|
Last 2 stages-Freud |
Latency: 6-11 years; no primary zone; focus on social relationships & mastery over impulses; Genital: 11-18 years, primary focus is genital (sexual maturity and expression); major conflict=separation from family; focus on successful relationships |
|
|
Trust vs. mistrust (Erikson) |
0-18 months; trust develops when needs are met; mistrust develops when needs are ignored or met inconsistently |
|
|
Autonomy vs. shame & doubt (Erikson) |
18 months-3 years; autonomy develops when control over body & environment is gained; shame & doubt develop |
|
|
Initiative vs. guilt (Erikson) |
3-6 years; explores physical and imagines a fantasy world; conscience develops; guilt develops when activities are in conflict with goals of others |
|
|
Industry vs. inferiority (Erikson) |
6-11 years; achieves a sense of accomplishment and mastery; inferiority develops when more is expected that can be achieved |
|
|
Identity vs. role confusion (Erikson) |
11-18 years; pre-occupied with physical appearance and peers; role confusion develops when conflicts cannot be solved between child & society |
|
|
Amoral (Kohlberg) |
0-18 months; moral reasoning cannot begin until a certain level of cognitive development |
|
|
Obedience & punishment (Kohlberg: Preconventional) |
18 months-3 years; behavioral decisions made based on fear of punishment; good vs. bad defined by physical consequences |
|
|
Instrumental relativist (Kohlberg: Preconventional) |
3-6 years; behavioral decisions made based on concern for self or ego centric satisfaction |
|
|
Interpersonal concordance (Kohlberg: conventional) |
6-11 years; behavioral decisions made based on desire for approval from others |
|
|
Law & order (Kohlberg: conventional) |
6-11 years; behavioral decisions made based on respect for authority; laws take precedence over personal wishes |
|
|
Social contract/legalistic (Kohlberg: Post-conventional) |
11-18 years; morality based on personal values |
|
|
Universal ethical principle (Kohlberg: post-conventional) |
11-18 years; morality based on internalized ideals and conscience rather than social rules |
|
|
Sensorimotor (Piaget) |
0-2 years-no thinking structures; object permanence; causal spatial relations; use of instruments |
|
|
Preoperational (Piaget) |
2-7 years; develop language skills; cognitive structures; prelogical; egocentrism; transducive reasoning |
|
|
Concrete operational stage (Piaget) |
7 years-Adolescence; begins to question life; solves problems but haphazardly; mass-number-linear time; deductive reasoning |
|
|
Formal operations stage (Piaget) |
Adolescence & onward; capable of sophisticated logical thought; can think both abstract & hypothetically & solve problems using the logic of combinations |
|
|
Congenital rubella syndrome (S/S & Dx) |
s/s: cataracts; retinopathy; micropthalmos; glaucoma; retardation; congenital heart disease; FTT; blueberry muffin rash; delayed s/s: 2-4 year delay- diabetes; encephalopathy; Dx- + viral culture; PCR; IgM antibodies |
|
|
Congenital rubella syndrome (Tx) |
Isolate infant from pregnant women; early intervention; refer to specialists |
|
|
Hepatitis B in the newborn (S/S & Dx) |
Incubation 60-150 days; s/s: malaise; anorexia; N/V; RUQ pain; fever; HA; dark urine; rash; causes chronic carrier: later leads to hepatomegaly; jaundice; rash; arthlagia/arthritis; Dx: serology; +surface antigen |
|
|
Hepatitis B in the newborn (Tx) |
Hep B vaccine in 1st 12 hours to avoid perinatal exposure; interferon used to treat chronic hepatitis B |
|
|
HSV in the neonate (SEM) |
Presents in 1st 2 weeks of life, cutaneous lesions where infant contacted mother’s genitals |
|
|
HSV in the neonate (CNS) |
2-3rd week; seizures; apnea; neuro disability |
|
|
HSV in the neonate (Disseminated) |
1st week; acutely ill; shock; DIC; very sick |
|
|
HSV in the neonate (Dx & Tx) |
+ culture Acyclovir 20 mg/kg IV Q8 for 21 days (CNS disseminated); 14 days (SEM) |
|
|
HSV (STI) |
2 types: 1 usually oral, 2 usually genital: sexually transmitted from asymptomatic carriers, S/S: painful vesicles/blisters with burning & irritation, dysuria, systemic symptoms, extra-genital lesions, Dx: + viral culture, Tx: Acyclovir |
|
|
Neonatal conjunctivitis (Chlamydia trachomatis) |
5-14 days after birth, conjunctival edema/injection, eye discharge, pseudomembrane, Tx: oral erythromycin for 10-14 days |
|
|
Neonatal pneumonia (Chlamydia trachomatis) |
2-19 weeks, rhinorrhea, congestions, tachypnea with staccato cough, rales (wheezing rare), Dx: Culture, hyperinflation on chest x-ray associated with eosinophilia, Tx: oral erythromycin for 10-14 days |
|
|
Chlamydia (STI) |
Often asymptomatic, S/S: spotting, vaginal discharge, dysuria, pyuria, mild abdominal pain, FB sensation in the eyes, cervicitis, conjunctivitis, Dx: + culture, Tx: One gram Azithromycin PO x 1 dose, alt= doxy/erythromycin, levofloxacin |
|
|
Gonococcal conjunctivitis (newborn period) |
Injected/swollen conjunctiva, eye discharge that becomes thick, lid edema, can lead to blindness, cornea ulceration, scalp abscess, sepsis, meningitis with fever, tachypnea, tachycardia, Dx: culture, Tx: silver nitrate/erythromycin ophthalmic ointment, ceftriaxone/cefotaxime for disseminated disease |
|
|
HIV in the neonatal period (S/S) |
Can be asymptomatic for years, premature LBW, recurrent infections, FTT, diarrhea, developmental delay, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, CNS, parotitis |
|
|
HIV in the neonatal period (Dx) |
Excluded with 2 HIV DNA/RNA in breastfed |
|
|
HIV in the neonatal period (Tx) |
ARV prophylaxis, ARV Tx if + and <12 mo, consult ID specialist |
|
|
HPV |
Usually asymptomatic/subclinical but can cause pain, S/S: warts (cauliflower like), friable, appear 4-6 weeks after exposure, Dx: PAP test, Tx: cryotherapy, podofilox solution |
|
|
Congenital CMV (S/S) |
Most infants are asymptomatic (CMV affects 1% of newborns), Symptomatic at birth: IUGR, poor growth, jaundice, purpura, hepatosplenomegaly, microceophaly, retinitis, Asymptomatic: sensorineural hearing loss, developmental delay |
|
|
Congenital CMV (Tx) |
Primary prevention, refer to specialty for screening |
|
|
Cephalohematoma |
Subperiostal blood collection, non ecchymotic, can overlie skull fx, will appear several hours after delivery, DOES NOT CROSS SUTURE LINE, will resolve in weeks/months, can lead to prolonged hyperbilirubinemia |
|
|
Caput succedaneum |
Soft tissue edema/bruising from vaginal trauma during birth process, CROSSES SUTURE LINE, will resolve in 2-3 days |
|
|
Tanner staging of male external genitalia |
I: pre-pubertal II: Scrotum enlarges III: penis begins to grow lengthwise, testes continue to grow IV: penis grows in width, glans develops, testes & scrotum continue to grow, scrotum darkens V: Adult |
|
|
Tanner staging of female breast development |
I: prepubertal II: breast budding, areola enlargement III: breast/areola continue to enlarge IV: areola becomes secondary mound above breast V: adult breast |
|
|
Tanner staging for pubic hair |
I: prepubertal II: sparse growth of long/slightly pigmented at the base of the penis or on labia III: darker/coarser/curled hair that spreads out IV: Adult like in type but covers smaller area (not on medial thighs) V: adults, spreads onto thighs |
