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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stages of motor control |
1. mobility 2. stability 3. controlled mobility 4. skill |
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Mobility stage |
to initiate mvmnt and increase ROM infancy: mvmnt is reflex based adults: refers to availability of ROM to assume a posture and sufficient motor unit activity to initiate a mvmnt |
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deficits in mobility may be due to |
tightness, hypotonia, imbalance of tone |
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tx techniques to initiate movement |
rhythmic initiation (RI) hold relax active movement (HRAM) repeated contractions (RC) |
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rhythmic initiation (RI) |
-PROM>AAROM>AROM>min resistance -slow repetitive, rhythmic -used for hyper/hypotonic |
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hold relax active movement (HRAM) |
-started in shortened range isometric contraction "hold" -pt then told to relax and is passively brought into a quick stretch, lengthened position use for hypotonic, pts with weakness |
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repeated contractions (RC) |
repeated quick stretch reflex to initiate muscular response/ reinforce /strengthen pre-existing contraction -decrease fatigue and increase endurance -used for hypotonic, possibly hyper |
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tx techniques to improve ROM |
Rhythmical rotation (RR) Hold-relax (HR) Contract-relax (CR) |
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Rhythmical rotation (RR) |
-pt doesn't have ability to contract muscle -slow, rhythmic rotated around long axis of limb for 10-15 sec used for SCI, hypertonia, paralyzed extremity |
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Hold-relax (HR) |
-isometric tech effective w/ decreased ROM due to to muscle tightness on one side of the jt -particularly effective on pt when pain either accompanies the limitation in mvmnt or is the primary cause of immobility |
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Contract-relax (CR) |
isometric of frontal and sagital plane mvmnts. isotonic of rotary component. relax-go into increased ROM: abrupt build up and release not use with pain |
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stability stage |
holding static pos 1. tonic holding- AI (alternating isometrics) 2. co-contraction- RS (rhythmic stabilization) |
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tonic holding |
ability of tonic postural muscles to maintain contraction in shortened range. (one side contracts at a time)
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AI (alternating isometrics) |
promotes isometric contraction of one side of body at a time. comman "hold this position" |
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co-contraction |
contracting all muscles to maintain midline |
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RS (rhythmic stabilization) |
-tech in which both the agonist and antagonist are simultaneously stimulated for co contraction -hold this position dont let me turn you -no relaxation allowed |
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controlled mobility stage |
-ability to move while holding midline -distal end is fixed, proximal end is moving ex: rocking, wgt shifting
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Static-dynamic activity: |
intermediate stage between controlled mobility and skill. one of supporting limbs is lifted |
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techniques for controlled mobility stage |
slow reversals (SR) Agonistic reversals (AR) |
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slow reversals (SR) |
-use for coordinated reciprocal contractions -the manual contacts are gradually changed from on surface to another (facilitate smooth change of direction) -similar to last phase of RI |
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Agonistic reversals (AR) |
-emphasizes control of mvmnt. -alternates between 3 types of contractions -all of the agonist muscle -no shifting of hand position -no relaxation to promote smooth coordinated mvmnt -Pt moves against res (con)>pt holds against res (iso)>pt controls res (ecc) |
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skill stage |
-highest lvl of motor control -includes manipulation and exploration of environment -distal end free, proximal is fixed |
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skill stage techniques |
Resisted progression (RP) Normal timing (NT) timing for emphasis (TE) |
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Resisted progression (RP) |
(mild resistance to progressing movement) -resistance to locomotion in either upright or prone postures -increase strength and endurance or enhances normal timing of mvmnt -manual contacts given are determined by part of body |
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Normal timing (NT) |
-used to develop coordination when there is adequate strength but the sequencing of the movements is not normal. -distal to proximal ex: open fingers before moving thru proximal shld |
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timing for emphasis (TE) |
-used when the weakness in a movement pattern is restricted to only one component of the mvmnt pattern. -helps produce overflow effect into weaker components by strong contraction of normal components |
