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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acute inflammation of the lung caused by microbial organism, that is the sixth leading cause of death in the US from infectious disease is what?
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Pneumonia
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Decreased cough and epiglottal reflexes may allow aspiration causing what?
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Pneumonia
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What is 1st line of defense against Pneumonia?
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nasopharynx & oropharynx
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What can cause the mucocilliary mechanism to become impaired?
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Pollution, smoking, Upper Resp infection, tracheal intubation, aging, immobility, underlying lung diseases
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What 3 ways do organisms reach the lungs?
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a) aspiration from nasopharynx & oropharynx
b) inhalation of microbes such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae c) hematogenous spread from primary infection elsewhere in the body |
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In the pathophysiology of pneumonia what happens during Stage 1 : congestion from outpouring of fluid to alveoli
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Organisms multiply, infection spreads, interferes with lung function (impaired gas exchange)
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In the pathophysiology of pneumonia what happens during Stage 2: Red Hepatization
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Massive dilation of capillaries
alveoli fill with organisms, neutrophils, RBC's & fibrin (causes lungs to appear red & granular similar to liver) |
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In the pathophysiology of pneumonia what happens during gray hepatization
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decrease blood flow
leukocyte & fibrin consolidate in affected area of lung |
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In the pathophysiology of pneumonia what happens during resolution
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resolution & healing if no complications
exudate lysed & processed by macrophages tissue restored |
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What is community acquired pneumonia
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Onset in community or during first 2 days of hospitalization
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What organisms are implicated regarding community acquired pneumonia?
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Streptococcus penumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae Legionella Mycoplasma Chlamydia |
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What is the 3 step approach to treatment in regards to pneumonia?
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Assess ability to treat at home
Calculate PORT (Pneumonia, patient outcomes research team) Clinician decision for inpatient or outpatient |
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What is the 2nd most common nosocomial infection?
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Hospital acquired pneumonia
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What are risk factors for Hospital acquired pneumonia
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immunosuppresive therapy
general debility endotracheal intubation |
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What is pneumonia treatment based on?
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known risk factors
severity of illness early (5 days post admission) or late (more than 5 days post admission) onset |
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What are some clinical manifestations of pneumonia? (PCP)
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Fever, tachypnea, tachycardia, dyspnea, nonproductive cough, hypoxemia
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What patients are at risk for opportunistic pneumonia
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transplant recipients, ummune deficiencies, chemotherapy/radiation recipients, severe protein-calorie malnutrition
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CAP symptoms?
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sudden onset of fever, chills, cough productive of purulent sputum, pleuritic chest pain.
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Physical exam findings of pneumonia?
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crackles, bronchial breath sounds, increased fremitus, dullness to percussion
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Patients with infection from staph aureus may present with only what symptoms while lung tissue is necrotized?
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dyspnea and fever
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