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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is anatomy?
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Structure from the subcellular level to the organism level.
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What is physiology?
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Function
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What is Hierarchy of Organization
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Structure is adapted to function.
Chemical Level --> Cellular Level --> tissue level --> organ level --> organ system level --> organismal level |
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What is homeostasis?
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Dynamic steady state of conditions in the body.
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Is homeostasis a constant value?
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No, it is a regulation of body conditions with small fluctuations around a set point. Keeps factors within normal limits.
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What is intracellular fluid?
How much % of fluid is this? |
Fluid inside the cell. 67%
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What is extracellular fluid?
How many types are there? How much % of each subset of fluid is this? |
Outside the cell.
Interstitial (26%) - in between cells. Blood plasma (7%) -fluid portion of blood |
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What are the 5 components of a control system?
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1. Physiological Variable
2. Set Point / Normal Range (set by controller) 3. Sensor / Receptor (monitors variable) 4. Controller (Integrating Center) 5. Effector (carries out response) |
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Is closed loop, negative feedback associated with homestasis?
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Yes, it is. It brings regulated material back toward normal limits.
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What is a closed loop, negative feedback system. Give an example.
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The response has an effect on stimulus. Response removed stimulus.
Ex: Stimulus: Body temp up; Response : Sweat. Response returns regulated variable toward setpoint |
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What cells are involved in cell communication?
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Hormones, nerve cell, local cell (paracrine / autocrine)
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What is closed loop, positive feedback? Give an example
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Response enhances stimulus. May promote useful change or may cause disaster
Ex: Good: Labor contractions, blood clotting. Bad: Cardiogenic shock. |
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What is open loop or feed-forward regulation?
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Stimulus --> Response --> no feedback.
Ex: Hungry --> Smell Food --> Salivate --> Still hungry/smell food |
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How are hydrogen and oxygen attached in water?
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Via polar covalent bonds. Oxygen more electronegative, Hydrogen more postive.
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Why are water molecules sticky and what is the significance?
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Water's stickyness causes surface tension.
Hydrogen bonds - weak (?) |
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What are the 6 reasons water is important to life?
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1. Solvent
2. Many compounds ionize or become electrolytes in water (can carry electrical current) 3. Reactivity (Dehydration Synthesis...removal of water to combine two molecules to one or Hydrolysis to break molecule into two) 4. High Heat Capacity - Thermal inertia & large heat of vaporization 5. Lubrication - decrease friction, prevent heat buildup 6. Cushioning - shock absorber |
