Pm&r Pocketpedia - Ch.4 Gait And Gait Aids

Front 1

List the 8 Ranchos Los Amigos terms, in order, for gait cycle begining with heel strike

Back 1

Stance phase (60%)
1) heel strike 0-2%
2) foot flat 0-10%
3) midstance 10-30%
4) heel-off 30-50%
aka terminal stance
5) toe-off 50-60%
Swing phase 40%
6) acceleration 60-70%
7) midswing 70-90%
8) deceleration 90-100%
aka terminal swing

Front 2

List the six gait determinants that reduce excursions of the body's center of gravity.

Back 2

1) pelvic rotation in horizontal plane
2) pelvic tilt in the frontal plane
3) knee flexion
4) knee motion
5) ankle motion
6) lateral pelvic displacement

Front 3

What is the only muscle active during quiet upright standing?

Back 3

Soleus

Front 4

Where is the center of gravity while standing upright?

Back 4

2" in front of S2

Front 5

Describe the eccentric and concentric contractions of foot dorsiflexors during normal gait cycle.

Back 5

Concentric: during swing phase, shortening the limb in order to clear the ground.
Eccentric: smoothly lower the foot from heel strike

Front 6

Describe the eccentric and concentric contractions of ankle plantarflexors during normal gait.

Back 6

Eccentric: during midstance to slow ankle dorsiflexion caused by momentum.
Concentric: lift heel and toes off ground

Front 7

Describe the eccentric contractions of hip abductors during normal gait.

Back 7

Gluteus medius and minimus contract durinjg sdtance phase to limit pelvic tilt of swinging leg.

Front 8

Describe the eccentric and concentric contractions of hip flexors during normal gait.

Back 8

Eccentric: slows trunk extension caused by the ground rection force during midstance
Concentric: during swing phase in order to shorten the limb.

Front 9

Describe the eccentric and concentric contractions of hip extensors during normal gait.

Back 9

Eccentric: just before heel strike to stabilize the hip and slow down trunk momentum.
Concentric: hams flex weakly for ground clearance.

Front 10

Describe the eccentric contractions of knee extensors during normal gait.

Back 10

quads absorb shock during heel strike and help initiate forward swin just before toe-off

Front 11

Name the gate:
-avoid weight bearing on painful limb
-reduced step length of unaffected side

Back 11

antalgic gait

Front 12

Name the gait:
-shortened step of unaffected leg limiting drop in center of gravity due to weak plantarflexors.
TX?

Back 12

Gastrocnemius gait

Tx: AFO with a long sole shank

Front 13

Describe the trendelenberg gait and the apropriate treatment.

Back 13

contralateral pelvic drop 2/2 hip abductor weakness; lateral lurch on affected side to compensate

TX: cane in the contralateral hand.

Front 14

Name the gait:
-weakened hip extensors are unable to decelerate forward momentum of the body
-walk with prominent posterior lean

Back 14

Extensor lurch (gluteus max.) gait

TX: 2 crutches or canes use for a 3 point gait

Front 15

Describe the hemiplegic gait and the treatment.

Back 15

Extensor tone makes plegic side longer resulting in a short circumducted gait.

TX: solid AFO in slight plantarflexion to prevent a knee flexion moment