Pmp Exam Ian

Front 1

Organizational Project Management

Back 1

A strategy execution framework utilizing project, program, and portfoliomanagement as well as organizational practices and approaches to successfullydeliver the organizational strategy.

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What is the role of the PMO?

Back 2

PMOs coach and mentor project teams, develop PM methodology, and monitorcompliance.

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Supportive PMO

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Supportive PMOs provide a consultive role to projects by supplying templates, best practices, training, access to information and lessons learned from other projects. This type of PMO serves as a project repository. The degree of control provided by the PMO is low

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Controlling PMO

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Controlling PMOs provide support and require compliance through various means. Compliance may involve adopting PM frameworks or methodologies, using specific templates, forms and tools, or conformance to governance. Degree of control is moderate

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Directive PMO

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Directive PMOs take control of the projects directly by managing the projects. The degree of control provided is high.

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Progressive Elaboration

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An iterative process that involves continuously improving and detailingproject plans as more detailed and specific information and more accurateestimates become available.

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Enterprise Environmental Factors

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Are conditions not under control of the project team that influence, constrain, or direct the project. They are inputs to most PLANNING processes. Can have a positive or negative influence

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Examples of EEFs

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- Organizational culture, structure, and governance

-Established comunication channels

- Commercial databases

-The PMIS (software tools)

- Company work authorization systems

-Gov't or Industry standards

Infrastructure

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Organizational Process Assets

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The plans, processes, policies, procedures and knowledge bases specific to and used by the performing organization

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Initiating and Planning OPAs

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-Standard processes and procedure to create guidelines and criteria specific to the project

-Policies, product and project life cycles, and quality policies and procedures

-Templates (i.e. for risk register, WBS, schedule network diagram, contract templates)

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Executing and Monitoring OPAs

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-Change control procedures

-Financial Control Proecdures

-Issued and defect management procedures

-Communication requirements

-Risk control procedures

-Criteria for work

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Closing OPAs

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-Project closure guidelines

-Lessons Learned

-Project Audits

-Project Evals

-Project Acceptance Criteria

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Configuration Management Knowledge Base

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Contains baselines of all performing organization standards

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Types of Stakeholders

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-Positive

-Negative

-Internal

-External

-Performing

-Advising

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Predicative Life Cycles

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“fully plan-driven life” cycles because their project scope, time, andcosts are determined as early as possible and then proceed through phases

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Matrix Organization Types

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Front 17

Are process groups project life cycle phases

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NO!

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What are the two types of processes performed by the project team with stakeholder involvement

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(1)Project management and (2) product oriented processes

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Should all PM processes be used on a project?

What order are they performed in?

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(1) PM Processes are iterative and based on project need

(2) PMBOK does not reccomend any specific sequence for the process of the process groups

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Process Groups

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There are (5) process groups. They highly interact with each other. Require iterative interaction and are specific to the project

(1) Initiating

(2) Planning

(3) Performing

(4) Monitoring and Controlling

(5) Closing

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How do PM processes and product oriented processes interact in a project?

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They overlap throughout the life of the project

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Which management knowlege area has at least one process from each of the process groups?

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Integration Management

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Project Charter

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Formally Initiates a project or a phase

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When are deliverables inspected by the project team?

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During the Control Quality Proecss

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Defect Repair

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Refers to REWORK of rejected deliverables

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When is Risk Mitigation accomplished?

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On uncertain future events (not ones that have already happened

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Proactive Measures

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Can only take place for future events

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Corrective Action

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Measures taken to bring future project performance back into acceptable standards

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Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)

When is it Used?

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Used when two parties of a contract cannot settle a claim amongst themselves.

-During Project Procurement Management

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What is the last plan finalized in the planning process?

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The project management plan

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100% Rule

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The rule in the PMBOK guide which means that a WBS must include 100% of the work to be performed on the project

Front 32

What does imposing an early finish date due to a project?

Back 32

Creates a project constraint

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Lateral Thinking

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Is a Tool and Technique used in the Define Scope Process to generate alternatives

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What process are quality control process a part of?

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The Control Quality Process. NOT Validate Scope

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what is a Mind Map?

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A diagram that spawns from a point and records each idea as a branch of its parent idea (good for use during a Facilitated Workshop.

Front 36

What is a helpful tool when developing the WBS

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WBS Templates (an OPA)

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What needs to be updated when the scope changes

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The scope statement and subsidiary WBS and WBS dictionary must be updated

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Milestone

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A milestone is a significant point or event in a project

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What have durations in calendar units?

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ONLY Activities. Note: Milestones have no durations

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PERT

Back 40

Performance Evaluation and Review Technique. Is a 3 point estimating technique where

Most Optomistic + 4* Most Likely * Pessimistic/6

gives the estimate of the project

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Crashing Technique

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A technique where additional resources are added to the project to CRAM it in in an accelerated timeline

Front 42

Fast Tracking Technique

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Requires performing activities in parallel. Discretionary dependencies are not removed

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Resource leveling

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A technique in which start and finish dates of a project are adjusted based on resource constraints.

Used when shared resources are only available at a certain time in limited quantities

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Critical Chain Method (CCM)

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A schedule method that allows the project team to place buffers on any project schedule path to account for limited resources and project uncertainties

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Critical Path Method (CPM)

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A method used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of scheduling flexibility on the logical network paths within the schedule model.

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Finish to Start (FS) - most common precedence relationship

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A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has finished. E.g. The awards ceremony (successor) cannot start until the race (predecessor) has finished.

Front 47

Finish to Finish (FF)

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A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has finished. E.g. Writing a document (predecessor) is required to finish before editing the document (successor) can finish

Front 48

Start-Start (SS)

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A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has started. E.g. Level concrete (successor) cannot begin until pour foundation (predecessor) begins

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Start to Finish (SF) - rarely used

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A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has started. E.g. The first security guard shift (successor) cannot finish until the second security guard shift (predecessor) starts

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Funding Limit

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Is an example of a project constraint

Front 51

Cost Baseline

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Is an authorized time-phased budget that is typically displayed as an S-curve. It is used to measure a project's performance in terms of cost. Costs are lower earlier in the project

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Management Reserves

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- Are not part of the Cost Baseline

- May be included in the total project budget

-Require Management Approval

Front 53

What process supports continuous process improvement on a project?

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Perform Quality Assurance

Front 54

If 7 consecutive measurements are above a mean...

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a process is not in control

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Perform Quality Assurance is an internal process performed by an organization. When does the customer review the work?

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The Validate Scope process (output is approved deliverables)

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Define Quality

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Conformance with customer requirements. E.g. If a customer removes required features, then the quality of the product isn't hurt

Front 57

What should an organization do if it has no previous experience and knowledge of a project's requirements

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Benchmarking

Front 58

Does a project manager have to use all PMBOK Guide processes?

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No, the PM has authority too select which processes to follow/apply to a project

Front 59

What are 3 process improvement methodologies?

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(1) Lean

(2) Six Sigma

(3) Total Quality Management

Front 60

Scatter Diagrams

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Measure CORRELATION between two variables. They do not detect causation

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What is required to be able to measure precision and accuracy

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Multiple sets of measurements

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What is a constraint?

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Anything that limits a project manager's options

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What is a tornado diagram?

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It is a typical sensitivity analysis. It is useful for comparing the relative importance of project variables (looks like a tornado)

Front 64

What are the 5 team development stages

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(1) Forming - Team meets and learns/formal roles and resposnibilities

(2) Storming - Group begins the work (need to work to collaborate

(3) Norming - Team members begin to work together, trust is being built

(4) Performing - Unit is well organized and interdependent

(5) Adjourning - Project ends

It is common for these to occur in order. It is not uncommon for a group to get stuck in a particular stage or slip backwards. Teams that have worked together can skip stages

Front 65

What is contained in a status report

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- Project Forecasts

-Analysis of Past Performance

- Work to be completed next

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Are lessons learned a part of a status report?

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No

Front 67

How to calculate communication channels

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channels = n*(n-1)/2

Be sure to include PM in the n channels depending on how the question is worded

Front 68

Results of poor communications management include

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- Communication breakdowns

- Project delays

- Communication of sensitive info to the wrong audience

Front 69

What causes degraded project quality? (2 answers)

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Poor scope and quality management

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Control Communications

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Ensures that information needs of project stakeholders are met throughout the project life cycle

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Expected Monetary Value (EMV) Analysis

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requires a risk-neutralapproach. It can be used in decisiontree analysis and calculates a statistical average of the probable outcome ofrisk events.

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What should be done with outdated risks?

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They should be closed in the risk register

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What does an influence diagram show?

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- Causal influences

- Time ordering events

- Relationships between variables and outcomes

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What does exploiting mean and when should it be used?

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It means an aggressive stance should be taken. It should be used when there is an opportunity to be realized.

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What should be the first step taken in conflict resolution?

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Both parties should attempt to resolve conflicts between themselves

Front 76

What process is responsible for updating OPA's as they end?

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Closing processes

Front 77

When do procurements occur?

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At any stage of a project, and should take place then so a project isn't delayed

Front 78

Independent Estimates

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Are more specific forms of expert judgement and are a technique that can be used to select an appropriate vendor

Front 79

Bidder's Conference

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A meeting that can ensure all potential contractors have a clear and common understanding of work being outsourced.

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What is the cost of conformance?

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It is the money spent to assure compliance to quality requirements (scope management technique)

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What is the cost of non-conformance?

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Rework costs

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Who should be documented as stakeholders?

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Only stakeholders that are influential or who are actively involved in the project should be documented?

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What should be done with stakeholders that have high power and high interest?

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Managed closely

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What should be done with stakeholders with high power and low interest?

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Keep Satisfied

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What should be done with stakeholders with low power and low interest?

Back 85

Monitor

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What should be done with stakeholders with low power and high interest?

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Keep informed

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What is the optimal state for stakeholders?

Back 87

Supportive is the best option for large groups of stakeholders. Having too many leading, the project would have issues

Front 88

What is the salience model?

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Describes classes of stakeholders based on power urgency and legitimacy

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What process group is someone in who is "reviewing"?

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They are in the controlling process

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What is a composite organization?

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It is an organization created by a fundamental organization. It is a special project team to handle a critical project. Such a team typically has the characteristics of a projectized organization

Front 91

Contingency funds

What happens if they are included in your cost estimate?

Back 91

Are used to handle cost uncertainty due to unforeseen purchases

It can cause an OVERSTATEMENT of the cost of the projects

Front 92

Who are key stakeholders?

Back 92

Stakeholders in decision making positions

Front 93

What process manages the project's costs and changes that threaten the bottom line?

Back 93

Control Costs

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Cost-Reimbursible Contracts

Back 94

Are best for projects with constantly changing scope

Front 95

Fixed-Price Contracts

Back 95

Firmest contract type. Buyers need to precisely specify products or services being procured

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Time and material Contracts

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Hybrid contracts that contain cost-rembursible and fixed price components used when a precise statement of work cannot be quickly prescribed. Typically open-ended. Often used for staff augmentation, acquisition of experts, and any outside support

Front 97

Stage gates, phase gates and kill points all refer to...?

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Phase end review with the objective of obtaining authorization to close a project

Front 98

Attribute sampling

Back 98

measures the quality of items in a sample on a pass/fail basis

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Variable sampling

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Measures quality on a continuous basis

Front 100

What does the Requirements Traceability Matrix do?

Back 100

- Helps trace project objectives

- Project Scope

- Test Strategy

Front 101

Activity-On-Node

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Used by PM software to represent activity

Front 102

Who authorizes the project charter?

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A project initiator or sponsor EXTERNAL to the project

Front 103

Resource Calendars

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An input into the Develop Project Team Process

Front 104

What are the 7 basic tools of quality

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(1) Cause and effect diagrams

(2) Control Charts

(3) Flow Charting

(4) Histograms

(5) Parreto Charts

(6) Check Sheets

(7) Scatter Diagrams

Front 105

What is the first thing you should do if an issue comes up in a meeting?

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Record it at the issue log

Front 106

What does the Schedule Variance Equal at the End of A Project?

Back 106

0

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Qualitative Risks

Back 107

-Less In Depth

-Relative risk assigned

Front 108

Quantitative Risks

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-Assign numerical risk

-Only performed on prioritized risks

-More in depth

Front 109

What are some causes for effects?

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-Time

-Machine

-Method

-Material

-Energy

-Measurement

-Personnel

-Environment

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Scope Creep

Back 110

Changes to scope

Front 111

How accurate are Rough Order of Magnitude Estimates?

Back 111

-25% to 75%

Front 112

Data Date (DD)

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The date through which the project has provided actual status and accomplishments

Front 113

Risk diagramming techniques (3)

Back 113

(1) Cause-and-effect diagrams

(2) Flow charts

(3) Influence diagrams

Front 114

The PM's professional responsibility is to which stakeholders?

Back 114

ALL

Front 115

Precedence Diagramming Model (PDM)

Where is it commonly used?

Back 115

- The method of constructing a project schedule

- Most common in PM software

Front 116

What are some process improvement models? (3)

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(1) Malcolm-Baldrige

(2) OPM3

(3) CMMI - Capability Maturity Model

Front 117

Who were Sheward and Deming?

Back 117

Quality Management Experts

Front 118

Control Accounts

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Management control points where scope, budget, cost, and schedule are compared to EV. - Performance measurements associated to work packages. One work package can only have one control account

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When is stakeholder formal acceptance of product deliverables accomplished?

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Validate Scope

Front 120

Informal Communication Types (2)

Back 120

(1) Emails

(2) Casual Conversations

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Formal Communication Types (2)

Back 121

(1) Reports

(2) Briefings

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What kind of objectives to the total collective stakeholders have?

Back 122

Conflicting Objectives

Front 123

Responsibility Assignment Matrix (RAM)

Back 123

Illustrates the connection between the work that needs to be done and the team members

Front 124

Parts of the contract control system (4)

Back 124

- Paperwork

- Tracking Systems

- Dispute resolution procedures

- Approval levels necessary for authroizing changes.