Pme Course 00003A Version 1

Front 1

Culture

Back 1

a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors and is shaped by many factors, including history, religion, politics, and resources (financial, informational, technological, material, energy, warfare, and human).

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Macro-Culture

Back 2

Most powerful or most widely practiced cultures in a particular society, whether the society is a region or an entire country.

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Micro-Culture

Back 3

a subculture or a group of people living within a larger society who share values, beliefs, behaviors, status, or interests that are different from the macro-culture or the rest of society.

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Holism

Back 4

all the parts of a culture are interconnected and integrated

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Schema

Back 5

a cognitive shortcut that helps us organize and interpret the cast amount of info that exist in the environment

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Symbols

Back 6

Parts of a schema that may be words, objects,logos, hairstyles, sports jerseys, cars, and stories that are meaningful to our culture.

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Worldview

Back 7

the sums of beliefs and values that people see to define and interpret the world and their place within it

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Cross-Culture Competence (3C)
(Culture General)

Back 8

the ability to quickly and accurately comprehend and then effectively act in a culturally complex environment to achieve the desired effect without necessarily having prior exposure to a particular group, region, or language.

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Culture Specific

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An approach that emphasizes specific aspects of particular cultures, affording individuals much of the knowledge and or skills necessary to interact more competently with individuals of other cultural backgrounds.

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3C Model enabling factors

Back 10

knowledge, motivation (positive attitude), learning approaches

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Culture-general Knowledge

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Understanding the basic concepts like cutlure, relativism, ethnocentrism, and holism

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Culture-general education

Back 12

ENHANCES a service members ability to recognize when cultural factors exist and determine the appropriate behaviors to implement to achieve desired results.

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Motivation

Back 13

Perhaps the most essential element of cross-cultural competence. Having a positive attitude toward cultural differences.

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3C Models skills

Back 14

1. communicate - to avoid misunderstanding

2. negotiate - to overcome differences and resolve conflicts

3. relate - with individuals from other cultures to work effectively

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Ehtnocentrism

Back 15

a form of cultural bias that can cause serious obstacles to cross-cultural interactions

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Relativism (as an attitude)

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the conviction that the beliefs and practices of others are best understood in light of the particular cultures where they are found

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Relativism (as a behavior)

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temporarily suspending one's own culturally informed opinion and thinking about how others might interpret or value a situation.

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Cultural Perspective Taking

Back 18

a cognitive process by which an individual is able to identify the thoughts and or feelings of another culture

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OODA

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Observe, Orient, Decide, Act

-improves your knowledge of culture

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Observe

Back 20

focused attention on your environment and gathering information through all five senses

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Orient

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attempt to make sense of what we are observing by categorizing/ organizing the data in a practical way that is useful to us

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Decide

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Consider all the courses of action developed and choose one to move forward with based on our options and understanding of the situation

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Act

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review what you have decided to do, take action, and then reflect on how you executed your decision. Reflect on the outcome and response that your actions resulted in from others

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Stereotype

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Predetermined generalization about all members of a particular group

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Prejudice

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Adverse or unreasonable opinion about a person or group without all the facts and usually base on deeply held beliefs

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Discrimination

Back 26

Treatment or consideration of a person or thing based on their group, class, or category

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Cross-culture communication

Back 27

the knowledge, motivation, and skills to interact effectively and appropriately with members of different cultures

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Linguistic competence

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a speakers implicit, internalized knowledge of the rules of their native language
ex. Swedish vacuum slogan "nothing SUCKS like Electrolux."

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Communication competence

Back 29

is understanding how to properly communicate in another language or culture

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Impression Management

Back 30

deliberate and motivated self presentation including:

1. projection
2. Atrribution

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Projection

Back 31

the image we want others to have of us

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Attribution

Back 32

how others actually view us includes sub skills:

1. emotion regulation
2. self-monitoring
3. perceptual acuity

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Emotion regulation

Back 33

ability to manage, modify, and use our emotions toward constructive outcomes (important for cross-cultural adjustment and adaptation)

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self-monitoring

Back 34

ability to detect appropriateness of our social behaviors and self-presentation in response to adjust our behaviors to fit the situation

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Perceptual Acuity

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ability to perceive a communication situation accurately. Involves attentiveness in VERBAL and NONVERBAL elements of a conversation and takes into consideration the importance of CONTEXT

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Low Context Communication (LCC)

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direct with exact expression of verbal messages where the SPEAKER is responsible for communicating the meaning of info
ex. German, English

individualistic values, linear logic, direct verbal style, matter-of-fact tone, informal verbal style, function to convey info

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High Context Communication (HCC)

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focused on status, context of social roles, nonverbal communication, pauses, silence, tone where the LISTENER is responsible for appropriate interpretation of message
ex. arabic, spanish, japanese

collectivistic values, communicate socially, relationship is ore important than message