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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are cultural norms?
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Norms include established approaches to initiating and planning projects. The means considered acceptable for getting the job done, and recognized authorities who make or influence decisions.
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Organizational culture includes...
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- Shared visions - Regulations, policies, methods - Motivation and rewards - Risk tolerance - View of leadership, hierarchy - Code of conduct, work ethic - Operating environment |
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What is organizational structure?
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An enterprise of environmental factors which can affect availability or resources and influence how projects are conducted.
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What is the classic functional organization>
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Hierarchy where each employee has one clear supervisor. Staff members are grouped by specialty. Each department will do its project work independent of other departments.
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What is a matrix organization?
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Reflects a blend of functional and projectized characteristics. Can be classified as weak, balanced, or strong depending on level of functional organization. - weak org - PM is a coordinator or expeditor. - balanced org - recognizes the need for a PM. PM does not have full authority. - strong org - PM is considered authority. |
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What is a projectized organization?
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Team members are often collocated. Most resources are involved in project work. PMs have a great deal of independence and authority. Virtual collaboration techniques are often used.
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What is a composite organization?
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All three structures are involved at various levels
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Organizational process assests
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- Plans, processes, policies, knowledge base specific to performing organizations. - Are inputs to most planning processes. - Two categories - processes and procedures - corporate knowledge base |
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What is included in policies and procedures? |
- Initiating and planning - Executing , monitoring and controlling - Closing |
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What is included in corporate knowledge base?
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- The is for storing and retaining info. - configurations knowledge - financial database - historic information - lessons learned - issues and defect management - project files |
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What are enterprise environmental factors?
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Conditions not under the control of the project team that influence, constrain, or direct the project. - infrastructure - exiting human resources - stakeholder risk tolerance - political climate |
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Project stakeholders and governance
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- an individual, group, or organization who may be affected by a project. - can exert influence over project. - Project governance is the alignment of the projects within the stakeholder's needs and objectives. - helps to maximize value of the project outcome and align projects with business strategy. |
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Organization influences on project management
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Organization culture, style, and structure influences how projects are performed.
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What is a sponsor?
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Person or group who provides resources and support for the project. Accountable for enabling success. Sponsors serves as an escalation path for issues beyond the control of the project manager.
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What are customers and users?
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Customers are the persons or organizations who will approve and manage the products created by the project. - may be internal or external to the performing organization. - Customers and users can be synonymous. - customers can also be the entity acquiring the product and users will directly utilize project. |
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What are sellers?
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Vendors, suppliers, or contractors. External companies that enter into a contractual agreement to provide components or services.
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What are business partners?
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External organizations that have a relationship with the enterprise. Provides specialized expertise of fills a role.
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What are organization groups?
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Internal groups / stakeholders who are affected by the activities of the project team. - marketing and sales - human resources - legal |
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What are functional managers?
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Individuals who play a management role within an administrative or functional area of business.
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What is project governance?
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Provides comprehensive, consistent methods of controlling the project. Defines and documents the project practices. - Defined by the context of the portfolio. - The framework in which the project team performs. |
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How to measure success.
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Measured in terms of completing project within constraints of scope, time, cost, quality, resources, and risk as approved.
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Dedicated vs. Part time teams
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- Dedicated - majority of the project team is assigned to work full time on the project. - Part time - some projects are assigned as temporary additional work. Members can be assigned to more than one project at a time. |
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What is the project life cycle?
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Series of phases that the project passes through from the initiation to its closure. Phases usually are sequencial. - phases can be broken down by function or partial objetives - the basic framework for managing the project regardless of work involved. |
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Characteristics of the project life cycle
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- starting the project - organizing and preparing - carrying out the project - closing the project Cost and staffing levels are low at the start of a project. These peak as work is carried out and drop off at the end. Risk is greatest at the start of the project. Changes made have highest risk a the beginning of the project and lowest at the end. Changes made have lowest cost at beginning and highest cost at end. |
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What are project phases?
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Collections of logically related project activities that culminate the completion of one or more deliverables. Number of phases and degree of control depend on size, complexity and potential impact of the project. |
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Similar characteristics of project phases
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- work as distinct focus that differs from any other phase. - Achieving primary deliverables of the phase requires processes unique to the phase. - closure of the phase ends with the transfer of work. Also known as a milestone, stage gate, phase review, or kill point. - phase needs to be approved to be considered as closed. |
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Sequential phase to phase relationship
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A phase starts only when the previous phase ends . Eliminates uncertainty but also eliminates options for reducing overall schedule.
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Overlapping phase to phase relationship
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A phase can start prior to the completion of a previous phase. May increase risk but is often used to fast track a project.
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What are is a predictive life cycle?
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Project scope, and the time/cost required to deliver that scope, are determined as early in the project life cycle as possible.
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What are iterative and incremental life cycles?
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Project phases intentionally repeat one or more activities as the team's understanding of the product increases. Each iteration builds the deliverable until the exit criteria for the phase is met. Generally preferred when managing changing objectives and scope. |
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What are adaptive life cycles?
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Intended to respond to high risk levels of change and ongoing stakeholder involvement. Iterations are rapid and fixed in cost and time.
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