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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normative Approach
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Way of studying politics that focuses upon philosophies, norms, or "shoulds"
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Empirical Approach
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Way of studying politics that focuses on what IS rather than finding what is better or what should be. Simply defined how something is.
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Case Study Method
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Way of studying politics that involves the intensive study of individual cases. Study one subject/country very in depth.
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Governmental Institutions
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Consists of legislatures, executives, courts, constitutions, legal systems, bureaucracies and even political parties.
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House of Commons
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Lower house of Parliament in the UK. Much more powerful than upper house (like senate in US). Has 646 members
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Ethnocentrism
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Belief that ones own country or beliefs is superior to all others.
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Political Systems
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All the professional and political actors in government.
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Political Culture
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Consists of the empirical beliefs, symbols, and values which defines the situation in which political action takes place.
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Westminster Model
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British form of Gov't.
2 Houses, Election of Prime Minister can happen at any time. Party elected gets total control. "effective" |
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Unwritten Constitutions
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Britain has this. Culture and History define what political actors should be doing and how they should act.
Do have other forms of legislature but no one document that is a constitution. |
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Constitutions
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Are codes of rules which aspire to regulate the allocation of functions, powers, and duties among the various agencies.
Serve as an expression of the basic laws of the regime. "rights are A GIVEN in Constitutional Gov't" |
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Unitary System
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Only one level of Gov't above the local level. (China, UK)
Advantages = simplicity, only one responsible government that must be dealt with, politically homogenous |
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Confederal System (Confederation)
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Union of sovereign states that retain their sovereignty and powers but coordinate their activities in certain respects.
Closest Example is European Community |
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Federations
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Two levels of Government above the local level. This way regional and national goals can be met. Think state and National Gov't.
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Ideologies
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Ideas and attitudes people hold about their political and economic systems and their role in them
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Margaret Thatcher
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British Prime Minister in 1975 (after OPEC greatly increases price of oil) Shifts away from Keynesianism an dgoes toward Monetarianism (eliminates/contain low inflation, believe that private market will resurrect itself.) Raise interest rate (kill demand) but helps curve inflation and cut spending.
Kills British in short term but helps in the future. Cuts down on welfare and unemployment rates rise. VERY UNPOPULAR but does it to benefit the country and is now viewed as being successful in helping Britain. |
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Bicameral
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2 houses generally in Federations; one house represents people the other represents the states. Lower house (senate, house of commons) always has more power
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Unicameral
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One House; tend to be in Unitary States; can get a lot done
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Interest Groups
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lobby and propoganda for groups interests; informal policy making roles
Pluralism = how interest groups interact with states |
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Political Parties
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Determine people who will sit in the legislature
Party Discipline = party dictates voting America = weak party discipline |
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Parliamentary Democracy
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Rely on legislature; most democratic
- executive and judiciary are subservient to legislature (Britain) - British PM can be considered more powerful than Obama bc he has more persuasion and ability to make legislature happen |
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Comparative Method
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Ray Macridis started this. Compare and contrast multiple entities when comparing gov'ts
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Public Policy
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Economic Policy is most important policy
Also, Education, Foreign, Environmental, Tax, Welfare, HealthCare |
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Most Similar Systems
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Way of comparing Gov'ts
n=system of similar "something" (generally economic status) and look at the countries with the same n and compare put countries into groups and categorize them |
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Socialized Model of Health Care
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Sweden, Canada, UK
- State provides health care to all, uses income tax to fund - Preventative medicine system, costly at first but saves money down the road - Mandatory check ups |
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National Health Insurance
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everyone gets taxes taken out and goes towards one insurance company
the state negotiates the prices with private doctors and hospitals If no job, become part of welfare state and do not have to pay taxes |
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Primarily Private Health Insurance
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State does not really get involved, citizens chose/get their own insurance
Get a job from someone who offers health benefits spread out the risks to minimize costs |
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David Easton
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Look at Drawing in notes.
Creates a Grand Theory of Comparative gov't. Framework for analyzing political systems. Focused on environment and how society affects politcal system along with inputs (demand, supports) and how they create outputs (decisions, actions) |
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Crisis Theory
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5 crisis, that a country may be going through to explain problems.
Crisis of: identity(to many groups vying for power), legitimacy (gov't not considered legit, powerful) penetration (policies don't effect all people, no one to enforce policies) participation distribution (few rich, many poor) All crisis basically interrelated |
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Regimens
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Set of principles that guide behavior of political system/ political actors...guide to how interactions should be.
Types = right wing authoritarianism, left wing authoritarianism (communism), Liberal Democratic |
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Non-Constitutional Gov't
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Gov't can "mess" with you and do what they want.
Authoritarian Gov'ts. "rights are given in non-constitutional Governements." |
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Constitutional Gov't
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Recognizes individual rights; civil liberties/ liberal democracies
Gov't cannot interfere with civil liberties |
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District Based Elections
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Seats in house correlate to legislative districts
electing a person to represent your district each district has a different ballot tend to promote two dominant parties |
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Proportional Representation
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Common in Europe
people vote for entire parties; only one ballot If a party wins 56% of the votes, 56% percent of the seats in congress will go to that party. |
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Pluralism
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how interest groups interact with the state.
unlimited number of interest groups, informal policy makers through lobbying and propaganda competitive |
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John Locke
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Philosopher of Classical Individualism.
believer in individualism |
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Adam Smith
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Economic Philosopher of Laisez Faire Capitalism; freedom is maximized; best for country "invisible hand)
Proved to not work, everything is regulated now |
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Karl Marx/ Socialism
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Karl believe economy determined everything.
socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating public or state ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods, and a society characterized by equal opportunities for all individuals, with a fair or egalitarian method of compensation |
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Mixed Economy
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Gov't ownership of firms in capitalist society.
Public and Private corporations in the economy |
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Classical Liberalism
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Individual experience is paramount; INDIVIDUALS!
Moral Core = civil and social liberties; can be anything if you work hard Political Core = individuals agree to be apart of the system of gov't Representative gov't, not a pure democracy bc ppl are not smart enough to elect the right people Formulated by John Locke |
