Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
in international politics there is no one state
|
organizations like the UN but they dont have the final say the same way state has control over its territory
|
|
|
Theories
|
problem is that they are problemistic
tell us what key parts we should look at in order to explain substantial evidence |
|
|
2 basic theories
NORMATIVE EMPERICAL |
normative- meaning a theory of how things should look at in order to explain substantial evidence
emperical-how things are by observing |
|
|
lowest to highest levels of abstraction
|
individual
role govt society relations world system |
|
|
individual
|
psychology/preferences/socilazation/personality
-we may be able to understand great deal about foriegn policy by considering what any actor woul do in certain circumstances ex. why did WW2 begin? hitler was crazy |
|
|
role
|
job/position in govt and society
not individual pref. but the incentives/constraints defined in the job or organ. ex. why did gorbachev end cold war? he thought it was in his interests as a head of communist party |
|
|
Gov't structure
|
democracy vs autocracy
ex. why did cold war end? B/c soviet union became more like its adversaries in west |
|
|
society
|
rich/western/islamic the society level
society includes larger factors like the nature of population or economy ex. why did cold war end? us peacing loving nation helped accomodate end |
|
|
IR LEVEL
dyadic traits |
meaning relationship between 2 states
why did the cold war end? USSR became relatively weak compared to US Relations level we are talking about something relevant to BOTH STATES |
|
|
World System
|
polarity and hegemony are concepts associated with system level.
why did cold war end? bipolar world systems are unstable and unequal growth lead to soviet unions demise |
|
|
Realism
|
welcome to the jungle
fight to survive you need security in an anarchic system and only way to achieve that is through power. |
|
|
Realism
ROLES |
individuals: selfish, want power and security
Role: not important Gov't structure: centralized society: big/small states Relations: all about power system:anarchy |
|
|
Realism sees states as unitary actors meaning that they dont think govt structure or particular individual matters
|
stress importance of major powers or concpt of polarity
|
|
|
polarity
hierachy hegemon |
# major powers in world system
states coming together called poles major state in its region or on globe |
|
|
liberalsim
|
people when they have the opportunity can organize a successful prosperous society and that this can partially be mimiocked at the international level.
|
|
|
Liberalism
LEVELS |
individual- important that in free individuals can make a better world
role- can have influence on policy gov't- type of regime is an important factor in determining int. events society- important in type of state influences behavior |
|
|
radicals
|
ideas are derived from Marxist thought, share with realists the convictions that ppl are motivated largely by self interest and are ready to dominate others and that those who would oppress must be resisted.
- consider states to be most important actors in world affairs |
|
|
emperical theory
|
constructing models of what international actors do, how they do it and why with expectation that these models can be evaluated through observation
study of world politics |
|
|
normative theory
|
rightness or wrongness of what they do
justice or injustice of the outcomes |
|
|
nation
|
people who feel themselves part of some large identity group
* dont necessairly control specific territoy or have any substantial goverence |
|
|
nationalism
|
complex set of psychological, cultural and social forces that drive the formation of a nation
*encourages strong feelings of pride and antagonism btw different groups |
|
|
state
|
legal entity consisting of govt that manages the affairs of a population in a given territory
|
|
|
sovereignty
|
independance from any authority outside ones territory (external sovereignty)
supreme authority over all other entities with in ones territory (internal soverenigty) |
|
|
principal actors in world system
|
Nations (curds, palestinians)
States (US, China) IGO (nato, Un) NGO (amnesty inte, Red Cross) Multinational corp. |
|
|
emperical statehood
|
states capacity to enforce its external independance and provide for internal stablity and well being
|
|
|
peace of westphalia
|
birth of modern state system
|
|
|
anarchy
|
arrangement that lacks a higher authority and central feature of the modern international system
|
|
|
primordial
|
bones of society - fundamental to who we are
|
|
|
instrumental
|
nationalism is used as a tool for leaders
|
|
|
states formed for 3 reasons
|
economic- important to have single currency or instituitional strucure to facilitate trade
military- smaller political entities were not as good as raising money and armies as larger states technology- changed with gun powder |
|
|
states have soverign authority over the territory they control
|
nations dont have defined or controlled territory
|
|
|
internal sover
|
state has sole claim to political authority with in territory
|
|
|
external sov
|
no other outside state can interfere with international workings of a state
|
|
|
nation-state
|
state grew out of sense of shared identity
|
|
|
multinational states
Nations with out state |
US China
palestinians |
|
|
IGO:intergovernmental organizations
|
groups of states that get together and work on common issues (must be state)
- varying degrees of influence on international realtions based on different charact. like what states are in IGOs and what they are trying to accomplish |
|
|
Types of IGO
|
Limited purpose/restricted membership: NATO
General purpose/restricted membership: EU org of Amer states Limited puropse/open membership: IMF, World Bank General purpose/open membership: UN, League of Nations |
|
|
NGO:nongovernmental organizations
|
organizations that operate internationally that anybody can participate in, people can just get together and organize
|
|
|
Types of NGO
|
Red Cross, Amnesty International, World Wildlife Foundation, Al Qaeda
can all affect international events |
|
|
MNC:multinational corp
|
just businesses that operate overseas but they can be very big
ex. starbucks, walmart |
|
|
IGOs
|
demanding changes in states policies
restrict states ability to do things like trade deals membership in IGO can circumscribe what policies a state can make even with respect to domestic matters, a possible infringement on society |
|
|
MNC
|
dont like labor costs, taxes or regulations a state imposes they can leave
often play states off one another for better deals on taxes or property |
|
|
Realists: state was, is and always be the most important factor in system
IGO, NGO MNC dont have military so no power |
Liberals: acknolowge that state is still the most important actor in intern system but is changing considerably
MNC IGO and NGO can facilitate commerce and cooperation btw states and possibly alter anarchic conditions of system |
|
|
Geopolitics
|
spatial relationship that affects international realations
- relates to geographical features and locations that impact world politics -includes who your neighbors are and borders you share -resources also affect international events and make some places and regions more/less important |
|
|
Technology
|
inventions that affected IR
nuclear weapons airplanes large ships with nav. devices |
|
|
state system
|
way in which states interact with one another
|
|
|
alliances
|
codified agreement btw 2 states with respect to an outside threat or in terms of their military security more formal agreement
|
|
|
defense pact
|
kind of alliance in which the signatory state agree to come to each others aid if one is attacked
|
|
|
entente
|
kid of agreement that signifies shared interests but does not haev specific requirements
|
|
|
chain ganging
|
2 states in different alliance structures that the states they are aligned with may also get dragged into the fighting
|
|
|
non-alignment
|
states that may remain unattached by treaties or oter agreements
popular during cold war(indonesia, egypt) india remained unaffiliated with one of 2 major powers term 3rd world |
|
|
revisionary states
|
states that have tried to alter their place in world system
-agressive states then start conflicts in order to try to achieve their aims -other major powers of the system will attempt to balance against these threats |
|
|
multi polar systems are dangerous b/c
|
-incentive to BUCKPASS and not balance meaning states cant decide who should be the one to stand up to agressive state
- possiblility that balance maybe be hard to determine or easily altered b/c so many great powers to watch. |
|
|
bipolar systems
|
downside of bipolar system is zero sum way in which all competition looks with both sides guarding their Spheres of influence
|
|
|
spheres of influence
|
those states or non state actors in regions in which you have vital interests or are with in your hierachy
|
|
|
unipolar systems
|
(american hegemony)
durability has been called into question by realist scholars. appears that states should try and form a coalition to balance against leading state |
|
|
bargaining
|
intentions are demonstrated through behavior rather than direct communication or explicit negotations
|
|
|
bargaining
1st stage 2nd stage |
comitment to deal in good faith both parties are negotation for purpose of reaching an agreement
bargaining over actual terms of agreement. defining solutions and working out accords |
|
|
powerelite
pluralist |
drawn from highest echelons of society determins nations goals
-held together by like minded individuals educatonal experience and prof. mingling no single power elite. tent to weild influence over different issues (defense, health, edu) fight and win politcal battles |
|
|
certain characteristics can influence how much power you have
|
terrain, mountains, jungle, bodies of water
people |
|
|
behavioral power
|
change behavior of another state
|
|
|
compellence
|
influencing another country to halt a course of action it is persuing or to start a new course
|
|
|
deterrence
|
influence an actor not to do something it wouldnt do otherwise
|
|
|
fungability
|
difficult to take one kind of power and change it to another kind of power
|
|
|
soft power
|
ability to attract someone to your way of doing things
- changing goals, not behavior -different forms: idelogy, culture, institutions, success |
|
|
diplomacy
|
is communication. IGOs help facilitate
do a few things: conflict management coordiantion cross cultural exchange negotation of treaties program management of the foriegn policy, decisions of one country in regard to another |
