Platelets And Coagulation

Front 1

Platelets are also called______.

Back 1

thrombocytes

Front 2

Platelets are made in the _______.

Back 2

bone marrow

Front 3

Platelets are fragments of huge cells called______.

Back 3

megakaryocytes

Front 4

The prefix mega means______.

Back 4

extremely large

Front 5

Karyon means______,

Back 5

kernal

Front 6

-cyte means______.

Back 6

cell

Front 7

Describe platelets.

Back 7

smaller than RBCs
colorless
no nucleus
mitochondria in cytoplasm
-smooth e.r.
-granules filled with clotting proteins and cytokines.

Front 8

Typical lifespan of platelet is ______.

Back 8

10 days

Front 9

Define hemostasis.

Back 9

Process of keeping blood within a damaged blood vessel.

Front 10

3 major steps of homostasis.

Back 10

1. vasoconstriction
2. temporary blockage by platelet plug
3. clot to seal hole

Front 11

Immediate construction of damaged vessels is caused by what.

Back 11

vasoconstrictive paracrines released by endothelium.

Front 12

Vasconstriction temporarily decreases ________ and _______ helping formation of platelet plug.

Back 12

flow
pressure

Front 13

Vasconstriction temporarily decreases flow and pressure helping formation of ______.

Back 13

Platelet plug

Front 14

Putting pressure on a bleeding wound does what?

Back 14

Decreases flow within the damaged vessel.

Front 15

Mechanical blockage of hole by______.

Back 15

platelet plug

Front 16

Platelets stick to ______ collagen and become activated.

Back 16

exposed

Front 17

Platelets stick to exposed collagen and become ______.

Back 17

activated

Front 18

Activated platelets release ______ into the area around injury.

Back 18

cytokines

Front 19

Platelet factors reinforce ______ and activate more platelets, which aggregate and form a loose platelet plug.

Back 19

local vasconstriction

Front 20

Platelet factors reinforce local vasoconstriction and activate more platelets, which aggregate and form a loose ______.

Back 20

platelet plug

Front 21

Define coagulation cascade.

Back 21

A series of reactions initiated by exposed collagen and tissue factor.

Front 22

In the last step, ________ converts fibrinogen into fibrin.

Back 22

thrombin

Front 23

When fibrin fibers intertwine and reinforce the platelet plug it becomes a ____.

Back 23

clot

Front 24

The clot is slowly dissolved by which enzyme.

Back 24

Plasmin.

Front 25

Too little hemostasis allows ______.

Back 25

excessive bleeding

Front 26

Too much hemostasis allows ______.

Back 26

thrombus or blood clot

Front 27

Platelet activation begins ______.

Back 27

clotting process

Front 28

Platelets adhere to collagen by ______.

Back 28

integrins

Front 29

Integrins are membrane receptors that are linked to the ______.

Back 29

cytoskeleton

Front 30

What activates platelets ?

Back 30

binding

Front 31

Upon binding what is released?

Back 31

Contents of intracellular granules.

Front 32

Contents of intracellular granules includes serotonin, ADP and ______.

Back 32

platelet-activating factor(PAF)

Front 33

Contents of intracellular granules includes ________, ADP and platelet-activating factor (PAF).

Back 33

serotonin

Front 34

Contents of intracellular granules includes serotonin, ______ and platelet-activating factor (PAF

Back 34

ADP

Front 35

PAF sets up a (positive/negative) feedback loop by activating more platelets.

Back 35

positive

Front 36

PAF also stimulates pathways converting platelet membrane phospholipids into________.

Back 36

thromboxane A2.

Front 37

PAF also stimulates pathways converting platelet membrane ______ into thromboxane A2.

Back 37

phospholipids

Front 38

Serotonin and thromboxane A2 are ____________s.

Back 38

vasoconstrictors

Front 39

______and thromboxane A2 are vasoconstrictors.

Back 39

Serotonin

Front 40

Serotonin and ______ are vasoconstrictors.

Back 40

thromboxane A2

Front 41

Serotonin and thromboxane A2 contribute to platelet aggregation along with ______ and PAF

Back 41

ADP

Front 42

Serotonin and thromboxane A2 contribute to platelet aggregation along with ADP and ______.

Back 42

PAF

Front 43

Growing platelet plug seals the ___________.

Back 43

damaged vessel wall

Front 44

What keeps platelet plug from continuing to grow?

Back 44

It will not adhere to normal endothelium.

Front 45

Intact vascular endothelial cells convert their membrane lipids into what?

Back 45

Prostacyclin, an eicosanoid

Front 46

Prostacyclin blocks platelet ______ and aggregation.

Back 46

adhesion

Front 47

Prostacyclin blocks platelet adhesion and ______.

Back 47

aggregation

Front 48

Nitrous oxide (NO) also released by normal intact ______ also inhibits platelet adhesion.

Back 48

endothelium

Front 49

Nitrous oxide (NO) also released by normal intact endothelium also inhibits ______.

Back 49

platelet adhesion

Front 50

_____ also released by normal intact endothelium also inhibits platelet adhesion.

Back 50

Nitrous oxide (NO)

Front 51

______converts the platelet plug into a more stable clot.

Back 51

Coagulation

Front 52

Coagulation two pathways:

Back 52

intrinsic and extrinsic

Front 53

Intrinsic pathway begins with ______ exposure and uses plasma proteins.

Back 53

collagen exposure

Front 54

Intrinsic pathway begins with collagen exposure and uses ______.

Back 54

plasma proteins

Front 55

______ pathway begins with collagen exposure and uses plasma proteins.

Back 55

Intrinsic pathway

Front 56

Extrinsic pathway started by ______factor.

Back 56

tissue

Front 57

Intrinsic. Collagen activates the first enzyme, factor ______ to begin cascade.

Back 57

XII

Front 58

Intrinsic. ______ activates the first enzyme, factor XII to begin cascade.

Back 58

Collagen

Front 59

Tissue factor aka ___________.

Back 59

tissue thromboplastin

Front 60

TF activates factor VII to ______ the extrinsic pathway.

Back 60

begin

Front 61

Prostacyclin blocks platelet ______ and aggregation.

Back 61

adhesion

Front 62

Prostacyclin blocks platelet adhesion and ______.

Back 62

aggregation

Front 63

Nitrous oxide (NO) also released by normal intact ______ also inhibits platelet adhesion.

Back 63

endothelium

Front 64

Nitrous oxide (NO) also released by normal intact endothelium also inhibits ______.

Back 64

platelet adhesion

Front 65

_____ also released by normal intact endothelium also inhibits platelet adhesion.

Back 65

Nitrous oxide (NO)

Front 66

______converts the platelet plug into a more stable clot.

Back 66

Coagulation

Front 67

Coagulation two pathways:

Back 67

intrinsic and extrinsic

Front 68

Intrinsic pathway begins with ______ exposure and uses plasma proteins.

Back 68

collagen exposure

Front 69

Intrinsic pathway begins with collagen exposure and uses ______.

Back 69

plasma proteins

Front 70

______ pathway begins with collagen exposure and uses plasma proteins.

Back 70

Intrinsic pathway

Front 71

Extrinsic pathway started by ______factor.

Back 71

tissue

Front 72

Intrinsic. Collagen activates the first enzyme, factor ______ to begin cascade.

Back 72

XII

Front 73

Intrinsic. ______ activates the first enzyme, factor XII to begin cascade.

Back 73

Collagen

Front 74

Tissue factor aka ___________.

Back 74

tissue thromboplastin

Front 75

TF activates factor VII to ______ the extrinsic pathway.

Back 75

begin