Plate Tectonics Test

Front 1

What are the 4 types of waves?

Back 1

1. Primary (P) Push pull, side to side
2. Secondary (S) Whip-like, up and down
Then, maybe...
3. Love (L) tossing, up down and to one side
4. Rayleigh() rolling up and down, back and forth, circular like a wave

Front 2

What does the Richter scale measure?

Back 2

Released energy and strength

Front 3

what does the Mercalli scale measure?

Back 3

damage done by the quake

Front 4

what is a Traverse wave and give an example

Back 4

a traverse wave has "perpendicular motion." the circles in the "ribbon" are far apart. example, water and light.

Front 5

see the diagram of traverse and longitudinal waves. be able to define Crest, Trough, and Amplitude.

Back 5

yes!

Front 6

Define Longitudinal waves and give an example

Back 6

they have parallel motion, meaning side to side. Ex: Sound

Front 7

Be able to label: room, forest and city, thermal, wind and water diagrams.

Back 7

YEP

Front 8

Define Fault

Back 8

split in the earth, caused by a quake

Front 9

Define Astheno(sphere)

Back 9

Astheno:

the middle and lower mantle

Front 10

Define Litho(sphere)

Back 10

Litho: stone

the crust and upper mantle

Front 11

Define Liquefaction

Back 11

when loosely packed, water logged sediments lose their strength in response to shaking

Front 12

Define epicenter

Back 12

where we feel the quake
epi: upon

Front 13

Define Seismic and seism

Back 13

seismic: having to do with earthquakes
seism: "

Front 14

Define focus

Back 14

the very center of where the quake started in the earth

Front 15

Define subduction zone and deep sea trench

Back 15

where one plate "subducts" under another
deep sea trench is when it happens underwater

Front 16

Define Aleutian Trench

Back 16

a subduction zone and trench south of alaska

Front 17

Define the 3 boundaries and what is created at each

Back 17

1. convergent: new sea floor or mountains
2. divergent: fault zones and magma hot spots, new sea floor
3. slip-slide: energy is built up til subduction

Front 18

Define magma and lava

Back 18

magma: the lava in the mantle before has broken the surface
lava: when it explodes out of the volcano

Front 19

Define Himalayas

Back 19

result of convergence
near india

Front 20

Define Andes

Back 20

in south america, result of convergence

Front 21

Define Seismograph

Back 21

used to measure vibrations during quakes

Front 22

Define Paleoseismology

Back 22

study of ancient earthquakes

Front 23

what is a first indication of an earthquake?

Back 23

the first tremor (primary waves) then the secondary waves, which cause the most damage

Front 24

What is the Moho Discontinuity?

Back 24

the boundary between the uppermost crust and earth's mantle

Front 25

how was hawaii formed?

Back 25

there is a hotspot where magma comes up and forms volcanos. as the volcano moves westward due to plate movement, it becomes extinct and a new volcano takes its place.

Front 26

what is the elastic rebound hypothesis?

Back 26

the ERH is that quakes release pent-up energy as the fault moves.

Front 27

Define oscillations

Back 27

to contract
to become tougher

Front 28

what event occured that supported Wegeners theory?

Back 28

2 of the same magnetic strips on either side of some rock, proving that the rocks had been moved there.

Front 29

which is faster, light or sound

Back 29

light

lightning and thunder

Front 30

what causes convection currents

Back 30

heat

Front 31

what is sea floor spreading

Back 31

when the plates diverge at Mid-Oceanic Ridges. rocks are removed from the sea floor thru subduction.

Front 32

what is a first indication of an earthquake?

Back 32

the first tremor (primary waves) then the secondary waves, which cause the most damage

Front 33

What is the Moho Discontinuity?

Back 33

the boundary between the uppermost crust and earth's mantle

Front 34

how was hawaii formed?

Back 34

there is a hotspot where magma comes up and forms volcanos. as the volcano moves westward due to plate movement, it becomes extinct and a new volcano takes its place.

Front 35

what is the elastic rebound hypothesis?

Back 35

the ERH is that quakes release pent-up energy as the fault moves.

Front 36

Define oscillations

Back 36

to contract
to become tougher

Front 37

what event occured that supported Wegeners theory?

Back 37

2 of the same magnetic strips on either side of some rock, proving that the rocks had been moved there.

Front 38

which is faster, light or sound

Back 38

light

lightning and thunder

Front 39

what causes convection currents

Back 39

heat

Front 40

what is sea floor spreading

Back 40

when the plates diverge at Mid-Oceanic Ridges. rocks are removed from the sea floor thru subduction.

Front 41

Define Tenacious

Back 41

clinging, sticking

Front 42

Define Anomaly

Back 42

deviant from normal

Front 43

Define Tenacious

Back 43

clinging, sticking

Front 44

Define Anomaly

Back 44

deviant from normal

Front 45

Define Tenacious

Back 45

clinging, sticking

Front 46

Define Anomaly

Back 46

deviant from normal

Front 47

Wegeners proof?

Back 47

1.the continental shelves fit together like a puzzle.
2. fossil remains were found on widely separated continents, like a plant in diff climate zones
3. dramatic climate changes in a continent, so beech trees in the north pole
4.same ice and rocks found in different locations
5. magnetic rock things

Front 48

define tsunami

Back 48

wave of energy in ocean, waterquake