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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inner Core
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A solid sphere of metal, mainly nickel and iron, at earth's center
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Outer Core
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A layer of molten metal, mainly nickel and iron, that surrounds Earth's inner core
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Mantle
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the layer of rock between Earth's Outer Core and crust, in which most rock is hot enough to flow in convection currents; earth's thickest layer.
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Crust
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A thin outer layer of rock above a plant's mantle, including all dry land ocean basins. Earth's continental crust is 40km thick on average and oceanic crust is 7km thick on average
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Lithosphere
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the layer of Earth made up of the curst and the rigid rock of the upper mantle, averaging about 40km thick and broken into tectonic plates.
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Asthenosphere
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the layer in Earth's upper mantle and directly under the lithosphere in which rock is soft and weak because it is close to melting
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Tectonic Plate
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One of the large, moving pieces into which the Earth's lithosphere is broken and which commonly carries both oceanic and continental crust
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Continental Drift
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The hypothesis that Earth's continents move on Earth's surface
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Pangaea
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a hypothetical supercontinent that included all of the land masses on earth. it began breaking apart about 200 million years ago
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Mid Ocean Ridge
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a long line of sea floor mountains where new ocean crust is formed by volcanic activity along a divergent boundary
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Convection
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the transfer of energy place to place by the motion of heated gas or liquid in Earth's mantle, convection is though to transfer energy by the motion of solid rock, which under great heat and pressure can move like liquid
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Convection Current
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a circulation pattern in which material is heated and rises in on area,the cools and sinks in another area flowing in a continuous loop
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Theory of Plate Tectonics
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a theory stating that earth's lithosphere is broken into huge plates that move and change in size over time
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Divergent Boundary
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a boundary along which two tectonic plates move apart, characterized either by a mid ocean ridge or a continental rift valley
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Convergent Boundary
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a boundary along which two tectonic plates push together, characterized by either subduction or continental collision
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Transform Boundary
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a boundary along which two tectonic plates scrape past each other, and crust is neither formed not destroyed
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Rift Valley
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a deep valley formed as tectonic plate move apart, such as along a mid ocean ridge
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Magnetic Reversal
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a switch in the direction of Earth's magnetic field so that the magnetic south pole becomes the magnetic north pole and vice versa
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Hot Spot
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An area where a column of hot material rises from deep within a planets mantle
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Subduction
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the process in which a tectonic plate sinks under another plane into earth's mantle
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Earthquake
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A shaking of the ground caused by the sudden movement of large blocks of rocks along a fault
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Epicenter
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the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
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Earthquake Focus
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the point underground where the rocks first begin to move
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Tsunami
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a wave cause by an earthquake, volcanic eruption, or landslide
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Fault Line
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A fracture of Earth's Lithosphere along which blocks of rock move past eachother
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