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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the main layers of the Earth
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The Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
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The upper mantle and crust make up this layer
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The Lithosphere
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What type of methods do scientists use to study the interior of the earth
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Direct means by studying rock samples and by Indirect means through seismic waves originating from earthquakes
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What layer is below the lithospere
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The Asthenosphere
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The characteristic of the Asthenosphere
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Hot, bendable rock
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What are the layers of the mantle
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upper mantle
asthenosphere mesosphere |
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The characteristics of the outer core
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hot molten iron and nickel. The only liquid layer
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The characteristic of the inner core
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very hot very dense iron and nickel.
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In what layer does the earth magnetic field depend?
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The outer core with its hot molten liquid iron and nickel layer
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What happens to pressure and temperature as you go deeper into the center of the earth
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Pressure and temperature both increase
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What are the three types of heat transfer?
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radiation
conduction convection |
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Describe radiation
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Radiation is heat through space
ex. sun |
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Explain conduction
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Conduction is the type of heat transfer that must be in direct contact with another object
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What is convection?
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Convection is heat transfer through a fluid
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Who first proposed the hypothesis of Continental Drift?
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Alfred Wegener
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State the hypothesis of continental drift
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That the earth was one land mass called Pangaea and have since drifted apart to their present day locations
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What did Wegener have as evidence for the hypothesis of continental drift
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He had land features like folded mountains, fossil evidence, and climate change
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Was his hypothesis accepted? Why or why not?
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His hypothesis was not accepted because his evidence failed to show the MECHANISM of how the lithospheric plates could move across the ocean
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How did Wegener believe mountains were formed?
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Two continental plates collided and mountains would form
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What process occurred that finally gave Wegener his MECHANISM
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The process of sea floor spreading
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Where does sea floor spreading occur?
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At all mid Ocean ridges along the bottoms of the oceans
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What happens at the mid ocean ridge?
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The magma rises through the ridge and cools to become new ocean floor
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How does the sea floor spread?
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As the new crust is formed it pushes out the old crust on both sides of the mid ocean ridge
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The Lithosphere is broken into ...
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Plates
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What are the three types of plate boundaries?
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Divergent - move apart
convergent - collide transform - slip past each other in opposite directions |
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Name a common divergent boundary.
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Mid-Ocean ridges
where two oceanic plates move apart |
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What process occurs at two oceanic divergent boundaries
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Sea Floor spreading
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What forms between the two boundaries
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A rift valley
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Name the three types of convergent boundaries
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oceanic vs oceanic
oceanic vs continental continental vs continental |
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What happens when two oceanic plates converge
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The older, colder, denser plate sinks beneath the younger plate
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What happens when two continental plates collide
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They are of the same density so they form mountain ranges
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What happens when an oceanic and continental plate collides
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The oceanic is more dense subducts under the continental plate and forms a deep ocean trench
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State the theory of plate tectonics
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States that the lithosphere is broken into plates and the plates slowly, move driven by convection currents in the mantle
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What are the three types of evidence for sea floor spreading
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1. molten material - pillow lava
seen by Alvin 2. The magnetic stripes on the ocean floor 3. The age of the rock obtained from drilling samples |
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What ship was commissioned in 1968 to drill into the ocean floor all around the world
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The Glomar Challenger
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The 3-manned submarine that was able to observe what is happening at the Mid Ocean Ridges
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ALVIN
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