Plasma Cell Disorders, Myeloproliferative Disorders, Lymphomas, And Leukemias

Front 1

multiple myeloma

Back 1

-neoplastic proliferation of single plasma cell line--increased copies of one cell line
-age>50, AA, etiology unknown
-BM becomes replaced with malignant plasma cells
-osteolytic lesions, anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, recurrent infections, adn renal failure
-serum Mprotein spike
-hypercalcemia, increased protein, RBCs in roleaux formation, elevated ESR, bence jones proteins in urine
-chemo and radiation tx, autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

Front 2

hodgkin's lymphoma

Back 2

-bimodal(15-30, >50), painless lymphadenopathy
-spreads continuity from one node to adjacent nodes
-fever, night sweats, weight loss, cough, pruritis
-Reed sternberg cells, inflammatory cell infiltrates, leukocytosis, eosinophilia
-chemo and radiation to involved field

Front 3

non-hodgkin's lymphoma

Back 3

-malignant transformation of B or T lymphocytes or precursors in lymph Sx
-starts in nodes and spreads to blood and BM
-unknown etiology, nore common than hodgkin's
-RF:+age, immunosuppression, virus, Hpylori, autoimmune dz
-lymphadenopathy/painless, constitutional sx, hepatosplenomegaly, recurrent infections
-dx with LN biopsy, CXR for mediastinal involvement
-chemo and radiation

Front 4

Acute myelogenous leukemia

Back 4

-neoplasm of myelogenous progenitor cells/adults
-RF: radiation, chemo, down's, myeloproliferative syndromes
-Auer rods, increased blast cells, increased infections, abnl bleeding, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, CNS Sx, skin nodules
-BM biopsy for dx
-blood cultures/Ab, transfusions, BM transplant

Front 5

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Back 5

-neoplasm of early lymphocytic precursors/children/most common malignancy in kids <15
-anemia, increased infections, abnl bleeding, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, CNS Sx, testicular SX, anterior mediatinal mass
-same dx as AML but no auer rods
--same tx, but more receptive to chemo

Front 6

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Back 6

-age >50, most common leukemia, cause unknown
-monoclonal proliferation of lymphocytes that do not differentiate into Ab-prod plasma cells
-incidental finding of lymphocytosis, generalized painless lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly,increased infections, and constitutional Sx
-anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, smudge cells
-infiltrating leukemic cells on BM biopsy
-chemo not curative, but used for relief of Sx

Front 7

chronic myeloid leukemia

Back 7

-neoplastic clonal proliferation of myeloid stem cells, age >40, ends in blast crisis
-translocation t(9,22) Philadelphia chromosome
-incidental finding with constitutional Sx, recurrent infections, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly
-marked leukocytosis, left shift towards granulocytes, eosinophilia, bands, segmented forms, decreased alk phos activity, thrombocytosis
-BM biopsy shows leukemic cells
-chemo or BM transplant to prolong life, but blast crisis is usually fatal

Front 8

polycythemia vera

Back 8

-malignant clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells leading to excessive erythrocyte prod
-hyperviscosity, elevated total blood volume, thrombotic phenomena, bleeding, hepatosplenomegaly, HTN
-elevated RBC, Hb/Hct, B12,
-decreased erythropoietin
-hyperuricemia common
-repeated phlebotomy to decrease Hct is tx or myelosuppression

Front 9

myelodysplastic syndromes

Back 9

-aquired clonal blood d/o's with ineffective hematopoiesis and apoptosis of myeloid precursors
-pancytopenia with nl hypercellular BM
-RF:idiopathic, radiation, immunosuppresive agents, toxins
-often progresses to acute leukemia
-asymptomatic early with pancytopenia incidental finding
-BM biopsy: dysplastic marrow cells with blasts or ringed sideroblasts
-decreased retic, howell-jolly bodies, basophilic stippling, etc
-supportive tx, transfusions, erythropoietin, GCSF, vit, chemo
-BM transplant is only cure