Plants- Bio Lecture Final

Front 1

Archaeplastida

Back 1

major group of eukaryotes comprised of red algae, green algae and land plants

Front 2

Out of all groups in Archaeplastida which one possesses a distinct set or derived traits

Back 2

Red algae

Front 3

What photosynthetic pigments in chloroplasts are unique to red algae

Back 3

Phycobilins

Front 4

What is the carbohydrate storage for red algae

Back 4

Floridean starch

Front 5

What cell wall composition is unqiue to red algae

Back 5

Agar, Carrageenan, Gelans

Calcium Carbonate .. in some

Front 6

Movement structure of green algae and landplants vs red algae

Back 6

green algae and landplants have flagella, red algae doesnt have a movement structure

Front 7

Cinchona tree bark contains what.. which is used to kill what?

Back 7

Quinine which kills plasmodium (malaria)

Front 8

Artemisia annua

Back 8

plant with novel antimalarial activities.

Used by chinese herbalists for thousands of years

Front 9

What year was Artemisia purified?

Back 9

1972

Front 10

Terrestrial plants have what problems with water?

Back 10

Obtaining and retaining it

Front 11

What type of plants can tolerate desiccation?

Back 11

Non vascular plants

Front 12

Plant adaptations for life on land

Back 12

Roots

Transport systems

Cuticles (leaves)

Fertilization: Flowers and pollination

Front 13

Larger root system

Back 13

Breeding plants for larger root systems can help them grow in drought-prone regions

-the roots reach further down into the ground where there is moisture

Front 14

Scientists are crossing what plants to reduce dependency on water and fertilizer?

Back 14

Perennial plants with crop plants

Front 15

Vascular plants transport systems contain what?

Back 15

Xylem and Phloem

Front 16

Xylem

Back 16

Water moves from the soil to the atmosphere through the hollow dead cells of the xylem

Front 17

Phloem

Back 17

photosynthetically-produced sugars (and other molecules) move from their source to sinks (non-photosynthetic tissues) through the phloem

Front 18

What uptake and movement in vascular plants

Back 18

Water is pulled through the xylem by tension developed at evaporative sites in the leaves

water moves from the soil into the outlayers of the roots, then into the vascular cylinder and xylem

in the leaf, water evaporates out of the xylem into the intracellular spaces, and then through the stomata into the atmosphere

Front 19

Prevented water loss

Back 19

Waxy cuticles prevent water loss.

Most plant aerial surfaces are covered by a waxy cuticle. Pores called stomata, usually covered by pairs of guard cells, permit transpiration

Front 20

Allowing water loss

Back 20

Gaurd cells change their volume to open and close the pore.

Gaurd cells are sensitive to the atmospheric conditions and the plants needs for gas exchange and water conservation

Front 21

Can photosynthesis occur when stomata are closed?

Back 21

No, have to be open to allow co2 to enter

Front 22

Some signals move in the

Back 22

Xylem

Front 23

Xylem borne signals include

Back 23

signals from drought-stressed roots cause guard cells to close

convery information about nutrients availability and soil-microbes

Front 24

Abiotic Pollination

Back 24

Wind and Water

Front 25

Biotic Pollination

Back 25

Bee, wasp, butterfly, moth, fly, bird, bat,beetle

Front 26

Does pollination always result in fertilization?

Back 26

No, many pollen grains may land on a stigma, but some might not deliver sperm to ovule

Front 27

Fertilization in Gymnosperms and angiosperms

Back 27

male gametes are enclosed in pollen grains and are carried by wind or insects to the female reproductive organs. The final product offertilization--the embryo--is encased in a seed.

Front 28

Bryophytes

Back 28

Small, alternation of generations, do not have vascular system. Must live in wet environment.

Mosses, liverworts and hornworts

adaptations: waxy cuticles and gametangia

Front 29

gametangia

Back 29

special organ or cell in where gametes are formed in algae, ferns and some other plants

Front 30

Evolution of plants and there adaptations

Back 30

green Algae- ancestral eukaryote

brown and red algae - multicellularity and tissue

hornworts, liverworts-ability to regulate water loss

vascular tissue- mosses

roots - ferns and club mosses

-gametophyte protection and seed formation - cycads and conifers

flesh fruit- ginkgos and gnethophytes

flowers and protected seeds - monocots and dicots