Plants

Front 1

DICOTS
1. Cotyledons
2. Leaf Venation
3. Flower Parts
4. Vascular Bundles
5. Root

Back 1

DICOTS
1. Cotyledons-2
2. Leaf Venation- netted
3. Flower Parts-in 4s or 5s or multiples there of
4. Vascular Bundles-Organized in a circle
5. Root- tap root

Front 2

MONOCOT
1. Cotyledons
2. Leaf Venation
3. Flower Parts
4. Vascular Bundles
5. Root

Back 2

MONOCOT
1. Cotyledons-1
2. Leaf Venation-parallel
3. Flower Parts- 3s or multiples there of
4. Vascular Bundles-scattered
5. Root-fibrous system

Front 3

VASCULAR BUNDLES=

Back 3

XYLEM AND PHLOEM

Front 4

D

Back 4

D

Front 5

D

Back 5

D

Front 6

XYLEM

Back 6

water and minerals and structural support.

DEAD at maturity

Front 7

What are the 2 types of xylem?

Back 7

Tracheids and vessel elements

Front 8

PHLOEM

Back 8

sugar transport

LIVING at maturity.

Front 9

What is phloem made up of?

Back 9

SIEVE TUBE MEMBERS.

Front 10

GUARD CELLS

Back 10

Control the opening and closing of the stomata.

Front 11

Bundle Sheath

Back 11

It surrounds vascular bundles so that air bubbles cannot enter and disrupt the flow of water.

Front 12

Cohesion vs capillary action

Back 12

Capillary action = the water climbs up the xylem. Results from ADHESION ( attraction between unlike substances). Only contributes to a little bit of the transportation.

Cohesion= water is linked together and pulled up as a SINGLE UNIT (water evaporates from the leaves.) It is the attraction of LIKE substances. Part of cohesion tension theory, which contributes the most.

Front 13

COHESION-TENSION THEORY

Back 13

1. Transpiration: The evaporation of water from plants. This removes the water, and thus creates a tension.
2. The evaporation pulls up a single column of water
(cohesion), and this movement is called bulk flow.

Front 14

AUXIN
1. Effect on cells?
2. How does it work?
3. Where does it mainly occur?

Back 14

Elongation of cells

-It increases the concentration of H+ in cell walls, and this loosens cellulose fibers. .

- In tips of roots and shoots

Front 15

GIBBERLLINS

Back 15

-Promote cell growth
-Fruit development.
-Seed germination.

Front 16

Cytokinins

Back 16

-Stimulates cell division ( cytokinen).
-Produced in roots.
-Have a variety of effects depending upon the target organ.
-Determines whether roots or shoots will develop.
-Stimulates the growth of lateral buds ( weakening apical dominance).
-Delay's aging of leaves

Front 17

Abscisic acid

Back 17

-Growth Inhibitor.
-Prepares for winter.

Front 18

PHOTOTROPISM

explain the auxin

Back 18

Auxin concentrates on the shady side (if unequally illuminated) thus grows more.

Front 19

GRAVITROPISM

which hormones involved?

Back 19

-Auxin and gibberllines involved.

Front 20

APICAL MERISTEM

Back 20

-At tips of roots and shoots.
-Area that is actively dividing.

Front 21

Primary Growth

Back 21

Actively dividing cells occur only at the apical meristem and increases the length of the shoot or root.

Front 22

Secondary Growth

Back 22

-Increases width
-This occurs along with primary growth
-Conifers and wood dicots.

Front 23

Vascular Cambium

Back 23

-A cylinder of tissue
-Includes the xylem (inside) and the phloem ( outside)

Front 24

Palisade mesophyll

What occurs here?
What type of organelle is here?

Back 24

-Photosynthesis occurs here!
-Many chloroplasts and large surface areas

Front 25

Spongy mesophyll

Back 25

-Gives air bubbles that provide CO2 for photosynthesis.

Front 26

Zone of cell division

Back 26

- Made up of the dividing cells of the apical meristem

Front 27

Zone of elongation

Back 27

-Newly formed cells elongate
-it is our perception of growth

Front 28

Zone of maturation

Back 28

-cells mature in to xylem, phloem, parenchyma or epidermal cells

Front 29

d

Back 29

d

Front 30

d

Back 30

d

Front 31

FEMALE PISTAL

Back 31

1. ovary
2. style
3. sigma

Front 32

MALE: STAMEN

Back 32

1. Anther
2. Filament

Front 33

What is the dominant generation of plants? What are the exceptions?

Back 33

-Diploid sporophyte generation
-exceptions: mosses, liverworts, hornworts

Front 34

Bryophytes
1. Give examples
2. What do they lack?
3. Which stage is dominant?
4. What are the male and female parts?

Back 34

-Moss, liverworts, hornworts
-Lack specialized vascular water systems.
-Gametophyte is dominant.
-Gametes are made in gametangia on the surface.
male= antheridia
female=archegonium

Front 35

Tracheophytes
1. Vascular/Avascular
2. Gametophyte or sporophyte dominates
3. describe the sperm

Back 35

-VASCULAR!!!
-TRUE roots, stems, leaves
-sporophyte is dominate
-flagellated sperm.

Front 36

Pterophyta=

Back 36

FERNS

Front 37

Seed producing plants

Back 37

Coniferophyta
and Anthophyta

Front 38

CONIFEROPHYTA

Back 38

GYMNOSPERMS!
-pines, firs, spruces, junipers, cedars