Plants

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alternation of generations

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A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.

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angiosperm

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A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.

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antheridium

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plural, antheridia) In plants, the male gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.

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apical meristem

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Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots that supplies cells for the plant to grow in length.

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archegonium

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(plural, archegonia) In plants, the female gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.

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bryophyte

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A moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a non-vascular plant that inhabits the land but lacks many of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants.

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calyptra

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A protective cap of gametophyte tissue that wholly or partially covers an immature capsule in many mosses.

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capsule

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(1) A sticky layer that surrounds the cell walls of some bacteria, protecting the cell surface and sometimes helping to glue the cell to surfaces. (2) The sporangium of a bryophyte (moss, liverwort, or hornwort).

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cuticle

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(1) A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants. (2) The exoskeleton of an arthropod, consisting of layers of protein and chitin that are variously modified for different functions. (3) A tough coat that covers the body of a nematode.

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embryophyte

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Another name for land plants, recognizing that land plants share the common derived trait of multicellular, dependent embryos.

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foot

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(1) The portion of a bryophyte sporophyte that gathers sugars, amino acids, water, and minerals from the parent gametophyte via transfer cells.

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gametangia

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(singular, gametangium) Multicular plant structures in which gametes are formed. Female gametangia are called archegonia, and male gametangia are called antheridia.

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gametophore

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The mature gamete-producing structure of a gametophyte body of a moss.

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gametophyte

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In organisms undergoing alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid form that mitotically produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation.

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gymnosperm

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A vascular plant that bears naked seeds--seeds not enclosed in specialized chambers.