Plants

Front 1

Name the three divisions of gymnosperm

Back 1

1. conifers
2. cycads
3. ginkos

Front 2

Name the two divisions of seed producing vascular plants and describe them:

Back 2

1. gymnosperm-produce seeds without flowers and fruits
2. anglosperm-produce seeds with fruits and flowers

Front 3

Name an aspect of conifers:

Back 3

have needle like leaves that are well adapted for dry conditions

Front 4

Name an aspect of cycads:

Back 4

large leafed plants that look like palms

Front 5

Name three aspects of ginkgos (ginkophyta)

Back 5

1. only non-extinct species of that division is ginkophyta
2. the male trees have cones (strobili)
3. the female tree carries fleshy and smelly seeds at the end of the short stalks

Front 6

Name two important adaptations of angiosperms

Back 6

1. flowers
2. fruits

Front 7

List two major aspects of flowers:

Back 7

1. they promote fertilization
2. most flowers are specalized to ensure pollination by only one group of animals such as birds, insects and even bats and small mammals
3.

Front 8

What is coevolution and how does pertain to flowers and insects?

Back 8

-The mutual adaptation of two separate evolutionary lines
-insects pollinate the flowers, flowers provide energy for insects

Front 9

Name different aspects of fruits

Back 9

1. promotes survival and dispersal of seeds
2. a fruit is a mature ovary that encloses and protects the seeds
3. many fruits promote dispersal through animals

Front 10

What is double fertilization?

Back 10

Two separate fertilizations

Front 11

What type of fertilization occurs in angiosperms?

Back 11

Double fertilization

Front 12

Name two aspects of double fertilization:

Back 12

1. one sperm nucleus fuses with ovum forming the zygote
2. the other separate fertilization forms a triploid nucleus, which creates the seed's endosperm (produces food for the developing embryo)

Front 13

Plants are _______, which perform __________

Back 13

1. multi-cellular organisms
2. photosynthesis

Front 14

Plants produce the ________ we breathe

Back 14

oxygen

Front 15

True or false: plants support the entire web of terrestial life

Back 15

True

Front 16

List three major advantages for photo synthetic organisms:

Back 16

1. more sunlight (unfiltered by the water)
2. more carbon dioxide (more abundant in the atmosphere than dissolved in water)
3. more reliable supply of minerals and other nutrients

Front 17

In order for plants to invade land, plants need to be able to (list 3)

Back 17

1. obtain, distribute and conserve water
2. accomplish fertilization with little to no water
3. support their own weight (no gravity underwater, gravity out of water)

Front 18

Define: Alteration of Generations

Back 18

A sexual life cycle in which the alternating haploid and diploid phases both consist of a multicellular structure.

Front 19

Name the two groups that plants can be separated into:

Back 19

1. Tracheophytes
2. Bryophytes

Front 20

List aspects of Tracheophytes

Back 20

Vascular plants
Includes all of the most familiar living plants

Front 21

List aspects of bryophytes

Back 21

1.Nonvascular plants
2.Include mosses, liverworts and hornworts
3. anchor to surfaces by special "root-like" structure called a rhizoid

Front 22

True or false: rhizoids are not designed for absorbtion of water and nutrients?

Back 22

True

Front 23

All bryophytes lack a ____________ so they require _________ for _________
and fertilization by free-swimming sperm

Back 23

1. specialized vascular system
2. freestanding water
3. photosynthesis

Front 24

Excluding ________, all parts of a bryophyte are absorbant

Back 24

1. rhizoids

Front 25

What is the most prominent phase of a bryophyte's life cycle?

Back 25

haploid gametophyte

Front 26

Gametes unite in the female gameyophyte forming the diploid phase called:

Back 26

the sporophyte

Front 27

Name the function(s) of the sporophyte

Back 27

produces haploid spores via meiosis

Front 28

True or false: the haploid spores can germinate into male and female hapliod gametopgytes

Back 28

True

Front 29

Because sunlight usually dries bryophytes out, they usually grow in ______

Back 29

1. Shaded areas

Front 30

Vascular Plants are also known as:

Back 30

Tracheophytes

Front 31

Tracheophytes are further subdivided into:

Back 31

1. seedless plants
2. seed plants

Front 32

True or false: In non-vascular plants, the diploid sporophytes are dominant

Back 32

False: vascular plants

Front 33

All plants are descended from what?

Back 33

Protists

Front 34

The transport system of vascular plants contain two distinct types of conducting tubes:

Back 34

1. Xylem
2. Phloem

Front 35

Define: Xylem

Back 35

The Xylem carries water and minerals from the roofs to the leaves for use in photosynthesis

Front 36

Define: Phloem

Back 36

The Phloem distributes the sugars and other organiz compounds made in the leaves to the rest of the plant

Front 37

Name an example of a seedles vascular plant

Back 37

the fern

Front 38

True or false: seedless plants require a wet environment

Back 38

true

Front 39

Why does reproduction in ferns and other seedless plants resemble that of bryophytes?

Back 39

They need a thin film of water for the sperm to travel

Front 40

What are the tiny "cups" on the underside of the sporophylls called?

Back 40

Sori

Front 41

What is the function of the 'sori' ?

Back 41

Produce haploid spores via meiosis

Front 42

Name the two divisions of seed producing vascular plants and describe them:

Back 42

1. gymnosperm-produce seeds without flowers and fruits
2. anglosperm-produce seeds with fruits and flowers