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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Multi-cellular eukaryote that has cell walls made of cellulose
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plant
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Plants develop from
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multi-cellular embryo
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Plant used chlorophyll to carry out
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photosynthesis
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A plant is a stationary animal that eats what?
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Sunlight
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What was required for plants to move from water to land?
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Ability to withstand the drying effects of the sun
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What do plants need to survive?
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Sunlight, water and minerals
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Why do plants need sunlight?
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For photosynthesis, which is their food production
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What adaptation helps plants maximize sun absorption
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broad, flat leaves
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Why do plants need water?
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To maintain shape and for transport
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Why do plants need minerals?
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They contain nutrients needed for growth
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What is gas exchange?
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Carbon dioxide in/oxygen out
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What does gas exchange control?
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Excessive water loss
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How do water and nutrients move in lower plants?
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Simple diffusion
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How do water and nutrients move in higher plants?
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Complex systems
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Bryophytes characteristics
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have spores instead of seeds, no roots/stems/leaves, small and lie close to the soil, water moved by diffusion, need water to reproduce, sperm must swim through water to an egg
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Three types of bryophytes
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mosses, liverworts, hornworts
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Vascular plants characteristics
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more numerous than nonvascular, tissues connect water and nutrients
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Tissue connecting water
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xylem
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Tissue connecting nutrients
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phloem
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Organs of vascular plants
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roots, stems, leaves
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First root to grow out of a seed
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primary root
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Primary root that grows larger than secondary roots, adapted to reach deep for water
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tap root
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Primary root that does not grow larger than others – has numerous smaller roots adapted for gathering water close to the surface
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fibrous root
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Transports substances between roots and leaves
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stems
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Carries water and dissolved minerals from roots to stems and leaves by capillary action
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xylem
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Transports sugar from the leaves to rest of plant and carries stored food from roots to other plant parts
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phloem
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Primary function of leaves
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photosynthesis
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Why are leave usually thin and flat
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more surface area lets them capture more sunlight
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How do oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in and out of a leaf?
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Through the stomata
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What are stomata
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tiny opening on underside of leaf
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What borders stomata
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two guard cells
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When are guard cells usually open
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daytime
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What is the process where plants produce sugars and starches using light energy
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photosynthesis
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What is the loss of water from a plant through its leaves
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transpiration
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What does transpiration achieve?
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Water evaporates from the leaves and draws more water into the roots and up to the leaves
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