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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Briefly comment on the significance of the planting operation with respect to the economics of crop production
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Planting operation is the most important cultural practice associated with crop production.
-Increases crop yield -Cropping reliability -Cropping frequency |
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With reference to plant spacing/placement, define the following terms used to describe planting patterns:
a) Broadcasting b) Drill Seeding c) Precision Drilling d) Hill Dropping |
a) Broadcasting is the random scattering of seeds
b) Drill Seeding in the random dropping, and subsequent covering, of seeds in furrows (randomly spaced plants) c) Precision Drilling is the accurate placement of single seeds, equal intervals in furrows, and equally spaced single plants d) Hill Dropping is a form of precision drilling. Is the accurate placement, and subsequent covering, of seeds, each group with the same number of seed, in equal intervals in furrows. |
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List the major functional requirements common to most planting machines
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The major functional requirements to most planting machines are:
a) Open a furrow b) Meter the seed c) Deliver the seed (place see in furrow in an acceptable pattern) d) Cover the seed e) Firm the seed bed |
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Why are precision planters often called 'row crop' or 'summer crop' planters?
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Many crops that require precision drilling are grown in the summer and/or require inter-row cultivation during their growth period.
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List and discuss the functional requirements of a furrow opener:
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The major functional requirements are:
~ Open the furrow at the required depth : depth should be selected with regards to both crop requirements & soil conditions. ~ Maintain uniformity of depth along furrows: Moving excess soil to the inter-row - inter-bed space. ~ Cause no more disturbance to the seedbed: Excessive disturbance causes soil moisture loss, and the mixing of wet and dry soil etc. + waste of energy |
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Why are openers with a narrow cross-section generally preferred and what are the major limitations to the narrowness of openers?
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Narrow furrow openers are generally preferred because they:
~ Cause less seedbed disturbance ~ Lower draft requirement ~ Easily restrained in the working position ~ Improved soil flow back into the furrow after seed placement ~ Reduce the potential for interference with openers Limitations to narrowness are: ~ More prone to cause smearing of the furrow base & walls ~ May prevent good seed-to-soil contact ~ May not be sufficiently robust for reliable operation |
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List the common types of furrow openers
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Runner, Disc & Tine types
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Discus the general form and the mode of action of a runner type furrow opener
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Runner openers consist of a blade that gradually widens then splits at the end forming a two-sided cavity in which the seeds are dropped through
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Under what situations are wide tine type openers used?
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Wide tine openers are used where there is a requirement to cultivate for weed control at time of planting
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Briefly discuss opener depth control mechanisms.
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Opener depth control mechanisms can be defined as either:
~ Machine section gauging systems: depth of all openers attached to a particular frame section is controlled by the height of that frame section ~ Individual row gauging systems: each opener has its own depth control. |
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Define Mass Flow & Precision Type seed metering systems, including an example
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Mass Flow meters (External & Internal Force Feed meters) do not meter individual seeds, but rather a constant volume of speed per unit time.
Used for sowing crops that are: ~ Sown at high rates/hectare ~ Broadcast or Drill seeded in narrow rows ~ Can tolerate variation in both seeing rate and plant spacing without significant yield loss Precision type meters (Plate & Vacuum disc meters) select individual seed from the seed lot & discharge then from the meter at a pre-set inter-row spacing. Used to sow crops at: ~ Low seeding rates ~ planted in wide rows ~ have a yield response to evenness of plant spacing along the row |
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List the major factors to be considered when selecting a seed metering system for a particular cropping program
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You need to know, for each of the crops sown:
~ the established population required & expected levels of germination ~ the range of ergonomically acceptable row spacing's ~ the sensitivity of crop yield ~ Physical properties of the seed |
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What are the major functional requirements of the seed delivery system?
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The major functional requirements are to:
~ Deliver the seed from meter to furrow ~ Maintain metering accuracy ~ Deposit seed in the furrow (in regards to seed placement & spacing) |
