Plant Structure, Function, And Reproduction

Front 1

Vascular Tissue

Back 1

Tissue in a plant that is a system of tubes that is used to carry water and nutrients throughout the plant

Front 2

Cuticle

Back 2

Waxy coating on the outside of leaves that protects the plant from water loss

Front 3

Non-vascular plants

Back 3

- first land plant
- must live in moist environments
- usually small in size (less than 20 cm
- mosses, hornwarts, liverwarts are examples

Front 4

Rhizoids

Back 4

The part of a non-vascular plant that achors it to the ground

Front 5

Vascular plants

Back 5

- has vascular tissue
- can be very large in size (up to 280 ft)
- trees, flowers, herbs, grasses are examples

Front 6

Cotyledon

Back 6

the nutritional part of a seed. Provides the embryo inside with the nutrients it needs to start growning

Front 7

Seedling

Back 7

A new plant that has just emerged from its seed

Front 8

How do Non-vascular plants reproduce?

Back 8

they reporduce with just a sperm and an egg. There is no seed to protect the embryo.

Front 9

How do vascular plants reproduce?

Back 9

they produce seeds that protect the embryo inside

Front 10

Gymnosperms

Back 10

- produce cones to cover their seeds, no fruit
- first plants to use pollen for reproduction
- called conifers
- firs, pines, redwoods are examples

Front 11

Angiosperms

Back 11

- flowering plants
- produce fruit to cover their seeds
- use bright colors, smells, and food to attract animals to spread their pollen

Front 12

Monocots

Back 12

- 1 cotyledon
- leaf veins are parallel
- flower parts are in multiples of 3
- vascular tissue is spread out throught plant
- grasses, lillies, wheat, corn are all examples

Front 13

Dicots

Back 13

- 2 cotyledons
- leaf veins are web-like
- flower parts are in multiples of 4 or 5
- vascular tissue forms a ring around the outer part of the plant
- oaks, maples, sunflowers, cacti are all examples

Front 14

roots

Back 14

- the underground part of a plant
- absorbs water and nutrients from the soil
- can also store nutrients (carrots, potatoes, radishes)

Front 15

root tip

Back 15

very end covering of the root, protects the growing part of the root

Front 16

Meristem

Back 16

underneath the root tip, actively growing part of the root

Front 17

root hairs

Back 17

-little projections from the root
- used to absorb water and nutrients
- grips onto the soil

Front 18

Shoots

Back 18

- the visible (above ground) part of a plant
- stems, leaves, flowers, etc...

Front 19

Stems

Back 19

used to hold up leaves

Front 20

Leaves

Back 20

site of photosynthesis in a plant

Front 21

stomata

Back 21

openings in leaves that CO2 in and O2 out, water is also lost through here

Front 22

Xylem

Back 22

water and minerals flow through the xylem
flows from roots to stems (up the plant)

Front 23

Phloem

Back 23

sugars and other nutrients for the plant flows in here
flows in any direction that is needed

Front 24

Capillary Action

Back 24

How water moves through the plant
- happens when one water molecule evaporates and pulls on the next water molecule, when the next one evaporates, it pulls on the next one and so on

Front 25

Transpiration

Back 25

water loss in a plant

Front 26

Translocation

Back 26

movement of sugars and nutrients from high concentration (fruit) to low concentration (areas of growth)

Front 27

What is the order of the 4 whorls of a flower?

Back 27

Sepals
Petals
Male parts
Female parts

Front 28

Sepals

Back 28

outer layer of a flower, used to protect the inner parts of the flower from the environment

Front 29

Petals

Back 29

Second layer of a flower, used to attract insects and animals to the flower

Front 30

Male reproductive parts

Back 30

used to make pollen

Front 31

Female reproductive parts

Back 31

used to make the egg and produce a seed

Front 32

Stamen

Back 32

Male part
made up of the filiment and the anther

Front 33

filament

Back 33

holds up the anther

Front 34

anther

Back 34

produces pollen

Front 35

Pistil

Back 35

Female part
made up of the stigma, style, ovary, and ovules

Front 36

Stigma

Back 36

top of the pistil
usually sticky so pollen will stick to it

Front 37

Style

Back 37

neck of the pistil

Front 38

Ovary

Back 38

hold the ovuals
turns into a fruit after fertilization

Front 39

Ovule

Back 39

part that gets fertilized, turns into a seed after fertilization

Front 40

Ways pollen can be distributed

Back 40

wind
eaten by animals
falls onto own stigma

Front 41

Self pollination

Back 41

when a flower's own pollen is transfered to its own stigma
no genetic diversity

Front 42

Cross pollination

Back 42

When pollen from one plant, lands on a different plant
helps to ensure genetic diversity

Front 43

Fertilization

Back 43

1. Pollen lands on stigma
2. Pollen tube forms
3. 2 sperm travel down the pollen tube
4. one sperm fertilizes an egg and becomes and embryo
5. the other sperm fuses with 2 nuclei and makes the cotyledon

Front 44

After fertilization

Back 44

1. fertilized ovule turns into a seed
2. Ovary turns into a fruit that covers the seed
3. seeds are dispersed somehow
4. seed germinates when it is in a spot that is favorable for growth.