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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Auxin |
Controls cell elongation Prevents abscission Maintains apical dominance Stimulates ethane release |
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Seed germination |
Seed absorbs water, embryo is activated and begins to produce gibberellins which stimulate production of enzymes which break down food stores. ATP is produced and the seed breaks out of its seed shell. |
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Gibberellin |
Causes stem elongation Stimulate production of enzymes that break down food stores |
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Ethene |
Causes fruit ripening |
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ABA |
Maintains seed and bud dormancy Stimulates stomatal closing |
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Abcission |
Falling light levels result in falling concentrations of auxin so ethene is produced. Ethene initiates gene switching so new enzymes are produced which digest and weaken the cell walls in the abscission zones. Vascular bundles which carry materials into the leaf are sealed off and fatty material is deposited on the stem side of the separation layer to act as a protective scar. Cells retain water and add strain to the weakened leaf, abiotic factors do the rest. |
Leaf fall |
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Tannins |
Phenols which have a bitter taste to animals and are toxic to insects |
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Alkaloids |
Bitter tasting, nitrogenous compounds which act as drugsthat sometimes poison animals E.g. caffeine, nicotine |
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Terpenoids |
Often form essential oils but act as toxins to insects and fungi (pyrethrin) , or act as repellents (citronella) |
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Hepatocytes |
Liver cells |
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Sinusoids |
Spaces around the hepatocytes |
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Kupffer cells |
Macrophages of the liver which secrete bile from blood breakdown into spaces called canaliculi which drains into the gall bladder. |
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Liver functions |
1) Carbohydrate metabolism- hepatocytes are stimulated by hormones to convert glucose and glucagon 2) Protein synthesis of plasma proteins 3) Transamination 4) Deamination- hepatocytes remove the amino group to convert to ammonia then urea in the ornithine cycle 5) Detoxification- hydrogen peroxide and alcohol |
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ADH action |
Released from the pituitary gland and carried in the blood to the collecting ducts to bind to receptors on the cell membrane to trigger cAMP production. Vesicles in the cell lining fuse with the cell surface membrane. They have protein channels called aquaporins which make the cell more permeable to water. |
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