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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of reproduction |
1 sexual reproduction 2 asexual reproduction |
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Involves union of gametes? |
Sexual reproduction |
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kinds of gametes or sex cells? |
Male - sperm cell Female - egg cell or ovum |
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kinds of fertilization of zygotes |
1- External (copulation/ sexual intercourse) 2- Internal ( spawning) |
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Does not involve union of gametes Individual can reproduce offsprings without involvement of other individuals |
Asexual reproduction |
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New organism develop from an outgrowth |
Budding |
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Replication of genetic material and subsequent division/ splitting of the cell into 2 genetically identical daughter cells |
Binary fission |
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New organism grows from a fragment of the parent body breaks into pieces Each pieces develops into a complete organism |
Fragmentation and regeneration |
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Body of the parent breaks into several pieces |
Autotomy |
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Unicellular structure that are capable of germinating into an individual |
Spore formation |
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Female produce egg cells that produce new individuals without fertilization |
Parthenogenesis |
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New individuals are formed not from seeds or spores but from other plant parts |
Vegetative propagation |
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2 kinds of vegetative propagation |
1 Natural Vegetative propagation 2 Artificial vegetative propagation |
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Actively dividing and multiplying cells capable of differentiation |
Meristematic cells |
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6 kinds of natural vegetative propagation |
1. Runners/ stolons 2. Suckers 3. Tubers 4. Rhizomes 5. Bulbs 6. Notches |
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Slender branch with nodes and internodes that grow above the ground |
Runners or stolons |
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Horizontal stem |
Runners or stolons |
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New stem grows from the root base of the existing plant |
Suckers |
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Strawberry |
Runners or stolons |
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Banana |
Suckers |
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Swollen parts of an underground stem with pits/ eyes where buds grow and develop into new plants |
Tubers |
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Potato |
Tubers |
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Long horizontal underground stem with nodes and internodes |
Rhizomes |
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Ginger |
Rhizomes |
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Short underground stem with fleshy leaves that store food |
Bulbs |
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Onion |
Bulbs |
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Structures found at the margins of some leaves where new tiny buds emerge then develops into new plants that detach from the notch and live in an independent existence |
Notches |
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4 kinds of artificial vegetative propagation |
1. Cutting 2. Layering 3. Grafting 4. Tissue culture |
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A part of a plant is cut off from the mother plants and placed in a new environment where it can grow into a new plant |
Cutting |
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Hormone responsible |
auxin hormone |
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Shoot/ more branches from a parent plant is bent close to the ground enough to be covered with moist soil |
Layering |
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Two plants used to develop new traits from parent plants. One desirable characteristics is cut and placed above the also cut stem of second rooted plant with another desirable characteristics |
Grafting |
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One plant with a desirable characteristics is cut and placed above the also cut stem of second rooted plant with another desirable characteristics |
scion |
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One plant with a desirable characteristics is cut and placed above the also cut stem of second rooted plant with another desirable characteristics |
Stock |
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Piece of plant containing meristematic tissue of a desirable plant is cut and sterilized Tissue is placed in a container with a suitable liquid nutrient medium & proper conditions |
Tissue culture |
