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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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de novo
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new
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four stages of 'de novo' adventitious root formation
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1.
2. 3. 4. |
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what is callus?
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an irregular mass of parenchyma cells in various stages of lignification
p286 |
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adventitious
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accidental, occurring in an unusual place
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preformed adventitious roots
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develop naturally on stems while they are still attached to the parent plant
p279 |
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wound induced adventitious roots
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develop only after a cut is made, in response to wounding
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What are the advantages of wounding?
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wounded tissues are stimulated into cell division and production of roots
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Auxins
effects on plant growth/rooting |
-Promotes adventitious root formation
-Has the greatest effect on root formation in cuttings |
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Gibberellins
effects on plant growth/rooting |
-inhibits adventitious bud and root formation
-can promote shoot elongation AFTER formation |
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Ethylene
effects on plant growth/rooting |
-better in intact plants not cuttings, herbaceous rather than woody, & plants having preformed root initials
-not promotive in bud & shoot formation |
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Abscisic Acid-ABA
effects on plant growth/rooting |
x
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Cytokinins
effects on plant growth/rooting |
-inhibits root formation
-promotes bud & shoot formation |
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Best time to take cuttings of broad leaved and narrow leaved evergreens
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during their one or more flushes of growth throughout the year (growing season)
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Benefits of applying mist to a cutting
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-slows down leaf transpiration
-lowers ambient air temperature |
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preformed (latent) roots
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develop naturally on stems while still attached to the parent plant
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wound induced roots
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develop only after cut is made in response to wounding
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4 stages of de novo adventitious root formation
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1. differentiation of specific differentiated cells
2. formation of root intitials 3. development of root initials into organized root primordia 4. growth and emergence of the root primordia outward |
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What is polarity?
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condition inherent in cuttings that exhibits different properties in opposite parts
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distal
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nearest the shoot tip
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proximal
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nearest the crown
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crown
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junction of the shoot and root system
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growth regulator that has the greatest effect on root formation in cuttings
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auxins
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Of all plant growth regulators, this has the greatest effect on root formation in cuttings
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Auxins
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2 types of adventitious roots
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preformed
wound induced |
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preformed adventitious roots
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develop naturally on stems while still attached to the parent plant
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wound induced adventitious roots
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develop only after a cut is made in response to wounding
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what is callus?
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an undifferentiated mass of cells, develops as a response to wounding
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meristems
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areas of active cell division and growth in plants
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Stem and leaf bud cuttings need to form...
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...new adventitious roots
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Root cuttings and leaf cuttings must initiate...
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...adventitous roots and adventitious buds
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_______ is a part of plant propagation
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failure
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3 classes with regard to growth regulators effects on rooting
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1. easy to root
2. moderately easy to root 3. recalcitrant |
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recalcitrant
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-resistant, difficult
-in regards to roots, lacks the cell sensitivity to respond |
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easy to root
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plants that have all the essential substances plus auxins. Rapid root formation occurs.
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moderately easy to root
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plants in which the naturally occurring root morphogens are present in ample amounts, limited auxins. Auxin is needed to enhance rooting.
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Only ________ cuttings should be collected for propagation
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high-quality
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Propagators prefer to collect propagules from stock plants ...
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...early in the day when cuttings are still turgid (filled with water)
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If cuttings cannot be stuck immediately....
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...they are misted to reduce transpiration and refrigerated
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successful storage of unrooted cuttings depends on...
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...storage conditions, state of the cuttings, and species
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when storing unrooted cuttings, it is best to maintain...
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...100 % humidity
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when storing unrooted cuttings, the temperature should be...
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...as low as the hardiness of the species can tolerate
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root morphogen
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substance that stimulates rooting. It can be auxin or a combination of substances with auxin
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