Plant Prop Test #2

Front 1

What are the names of two commonly used pre-packaged tissue culture recipes AND what kind of plant material would use that type of of media?

Back 1

-Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) Most commonly used medium It was developed for tobacco

-Linsmaier and Skoog Similar to MS media except only contains two organics

-Gamborg’s B5 medium-Devised for soybean callus culture
-Lloyd and McCown developed wood plant medium (WPM), which has lower salt levels

Front 2

What is the name and function of the three areas needed for Micropropagation?

Back 2

-Preparation Area- Cleaning Glassware, prepare Media, supply storage

-Transfer Area-Where explants are inserted into culture and where transfers to fresh media occur

-Growing Area- Where specific light and temperature regimes can be controlled

Front 3

Name what is:

Cleaning glassware, prepare media, supply storage?

Back 3

Preperation Area

Front 4

Name what is:

-Where explants are inserted into culture and where transfers to fresh media occur

-Taking from mother plant and putting it into culture MUST be free from contaminating organisms

-Use of a laminar flow hood

Back 4

Transfer Area

Front 5

Name what is:

Where specific light and temperature regimes can be controlled

Back 5

Growing Area

Front 6

Tissueculture was first developed by a scientist named_____ in 1902

Back 6

Haberlandt

Front 7

Name 4 Advantages to using Tissue Culture:

Back 7

-Mass propagation

-Advantageous for propagation of species which multiply slowly by conventional propagation methods

-Potentialfor more economical long-distance shipment of propagated material
-Potential for year-round scheduling of propagated material (no seasonality)

Front 8

Name two Disadvantagesof Tissue Culture:

Back 8

-Cost- facilities & Employees

-Therecan be genetic modifications that may alter the resulting plant(somaclonal variation)

Front 9

Name the Five Types of Regeneration from plant parts that can occur in tissue culture:

Back 9

1. Tip Elongation

2. Tissue proliferation

3. Culture, seed, embryo, ovual/ovary

4. Oranogensis: Root/Shoot

5. Embryogensis: Embryo Excised & Grown Alone

Front 10

Meristem tip elongation

Back 10

-Theapical meristem of an excised shoot tip elongates in culture, then roots areformed

-Used to obtain virus-freeplants

Front 11

Shoot Culture

Back 11

-Lateralgrowing points below the apical meristem are stimulated and the apical meristemis inhibited

-Providesfor rapid multiplication

Front 12

What are three attributes of genetically pure seed?

Back 12

-True to Type

-True to Genotype

-Visually Distinctive- pre/post germination

Front 13

Other than Visually how can you determine if a seed is pure?

(Double Check)

Back 13

Germination of seed & Visually Distinguish seedlings

Calculate # of pure seed/Pound

Front 14

List two Advantages to adding activated Charcoal to tissue culture Media

(Needs Answered)

Back 14

-Promote root formation

-Changes the light environment by darkening the medium, which helps promote root formation

Front 15

How do Transplant and Direct Seeding methods differ for indoor seedling production:

Back 15

Transplants: 1. Start Early in the Season 2. Seeds/cuttings are planted 1-3 per cell 3. Transplanting occurs after true leaves are developed 4. Controlled lighting/environment conditions

Where as in Direct the seed is sown where it stays for the entire life cycle/death

Front 16

List two Reasons why asexual production propagation may be preferred over seed propagation?

Back 16

-Much more Uniform

-Plants are true to type: Guaranteed what you will get

-Used if Plants are virus free/ steril

Front 17

What are the three histogen layers and what plant parts are found in these layers?

Back 17

L1 – Epidermis

L2 – Outer cortex, vascular cylinder, reproductive cells (in anthers and ovules)

L3 – inner cortex, vascular cylinder and pith

L2 & L3 are not always consistent in the tissues produced

Front 18

Name Two Things:

Variegation with clones can be caused by:

Needs Answered:

Back 18

-NA

Front 19

List two reasons why asexual propagation may be a disadvantage compared to seed prop:

Back 19

1. Some plants can be easily damaged (enviroment) or be extremely hard to root and transplant into a different location.

Front 20

If hyperhydricity is a problem in your tissue cultures operations. List two ways to correct them

Back 20

1. Change in Agar and or. Cytokin -H20

2. Change in Agar Brand: Modification of inorganic ingredients

Front 21

Define: Dedifferenation

Back 21

The early stage of adventitious root or bud formation when differentiated cells are triggered to form new meristematic regions

Front 22

Define: Explants

Back 22

isolation of cells from a piece or pieces of tissue

Front 23

Define: Propagules

Back 23

New shoots or callus produced by the explant through proliferation and recultured for further multiplication

Front 24

Define: Seed Conditioning

Back 24

Preparing the seed with different methods in order to have higher yields/higher germination rates

Front 25

Define: Totipotency

Back 25

All living vegetative plant cells have the genetic information necessary to produce a new plant

Front 26

Define: Epigenetic Changes

Back 26

-Changes in phenotype due to expression of particular genes

-This change does not depend on continuous exposure to the stimulus that caused the change

Front 27

Define: Chimera

Back 27

-The presence of more than one genetic tissue in a plant

-Tissues grow separately but adjacent to each other

Front 28

Define: Adventitious Roots

Back 28

Wound-induced roots

Preformed roots

Front 29

Define: Parenchyma cell

Back 29

The basic cells from which all other differentiated cells and tissues are derived, including adventitious organs

Front 30

Define: Reversion

Back 30

A shoot emerging from inner tissue (L2 and/or L3) of a chimera which shows the genotype of the inner tissue

Front 31

Define: PPM (tissue Culture)

Back 31

Parts Per Million-Perfect Parent Material

Front 32

Low Cytokins to High auxin ratio results in______ Growth

Back 32

Root

Front 33

______ is a an example of a natural Auxin

Back 33

IAA

Front 34

______ is an example of a synthetic Auxin

Back 34

24-D/NAA

Front 35

Agar is Derived from_______

Back 35

Seaweed

Front 36

___________ & ________ are two common methods of removing impurities from water to be utilized for micropropagtaion

Back 36

Filtration & Distillation

Front 37

HIGH OR LOW

Humidity is important when harvesting dry fruits that do not dehisce

Back 37

LOW

Front 38

Vegetative cuttings root easier if they are taken in the ________ stage

Back 38

Juvenile

Front 39

150 mg/L =______ppm

Back 39

NA

Front 40

_______ is the cytokinin used to make the African violet media used in the class lab

Back 40

BA

Front 41

List two Advantages of Tissue Culture Labs:

Back 41

-Potential for high rates of clonal multiplication achieved in a short time

-Advantageous for propagation of species which multiply slowly by conventional propagation methods
-Potential for more economical long-distance shipment of propagated material Potential for year

-round scheduling of propagated material (no seasonality)

Front 42

List Two Disadvantagesof Tissue Culture:

Back 42

-Cost Due to specialized facilities needed, and skill required by employees.

-There can be genetic modifications that may alter the resulting plant (somaclonal variation)

-Occurs a lot in tissue culture

Front 43

What are three Types of Chimeras?

Back 43

-Periclinal: (Most Stable): A thin layer of tissue of one genotype completely surrounds a genetically different core
-Mericlinal (Not Stable): Cells carrying the mutant gene occupy only part of the outer cell layer
-Sectorial: (Unstable): Mutated tissue involves a sector of the stem but it extends all the way from the surface to the center (all layers)

Front 44

What occurs during wounding response for adventitious root formation?

Start with taking a cutting and end with root formation:

Back 44

NA

Front 45

What are three factors heavily influence seed viability in cold storage and what are the recommended levels of each?

Back 45

Humidity: 15-25%

Temp: 40 F

Seed moisture content: 4-6%

Front 46

What are the four stages of Micropropagation and what occurs in each?

Back 46

NA

Front 47

Describe all the steps needed to make tissue culture Media:

Back 47

NA