Plant Narcotics And Poisons

Front 1

Stimulants

Back 1

increases alertness, caffeine, nicotine, and cocaine

Front 2

How to refer to weed with much respect

Back 2

ma

Front 3

What part of weed is used

Back 3

Plant is stick, the stem has lots of hairs with pins at the ends, this is where the cannabinoids are. They are called trichome (outgrowth of the plant)

Front 4

What is weed called in India

Back 4

bhang, make a beverage out of the young leaves, not very narcotic Lord Shiva/lord of bhang (protector and destroyer) used as a symbol of hospitality (cannabis indica)

Front 5

Ganja

Back 5

weed in India, the female flowers and young leaves

Front 6

Types of cannabis?

Back 6

Cannabis sativa (from China)
Cannabis Indica (from India)

Front 7

Where does cannabis originate from?

Back 7

Central Asia, but was used as a drug in India.

Front 8

Are cannabinoids abundant in male or female plants?

Back 8

In unfertilized female plants.

Front 9

Land of mulberry and hemp?

Back 9

China, the saliva species

Front 10

Bhang

Back 10

name of cannabis beverage from the young leaves in India. Lord Shiva/Lord of Bhang (protector and destroyer). Used as a symbol of hospitality.

Front 11

Ganja

Back 11

Cannabis (indian species) female flower and young leaves.

Front 12

Hashish/charas

Back 12

pure resin of cannabis, from india

Front 13

Sinsemilla

Back 13

potent resin of cannabis, from unfertilized female plant

Front 14

Indian cannabis, rate of chemical potency

Back 14

Bhang<ganja<hash<sinsemilla

Front 15

How does Arabs use weed?

Back 15

used in hookahs with hashish

Front 16

How is cannabis used in Africa?

Back 16

Dried leaves made into a beverage, leaves were chewed. African workers in sugar fields knew about cannabis from back home. Eased childbirth.

Front 17

Who brought cannabis into the New world

Back 17

spaniards

Front 18

Europes thoughts on weed/

Back 18

by mid 19th century by hashish club members, increased creative properties

Front 19

When did weed come into US?

Back 19

around 20th century, from mexico or caribbean islands. Is now the number one cash crop. In vogue after jazz singers used it.

Front 20

Gateway drug?

Back 20

Used to be weed but now it is alcohol

Front 21

Opium

Back 21

Papaver somniferum (sleep bearing), Same genus as poppy flowers

Front 22

Where is opium native to?

Back 22

Southeast Europe and West Asia

Front 23

Joy plants?

Back 23

Opiums name in sumerian tablets in 2500bc?
(hippocrates also mentioned)

Front 24

Opiums used parts

Back 24

Is a capsule, fruit is green and tender. The latex has more then 20 different types of alkaloids (papaverine, codeine, morphine. Latex sticks to fruit and becomes crusty and brown (crude opium)

Front 25

Morphine

Back 25

F.W. Serturner isolated this from opium plant in 1805. Named after greek god of dreams, Morpheus.Used as a pain killer

Front 26

Heroin

Back 26

Semi synthetic, named because it was thought to be heroic. Way more addictive then morphine

Front 27

Opium wars

Back 27

1839-1842 in China. British wanted silk, porcelain and tea from China. British paid for this stuff with heroin that they grew in nearby India plantation. China destroyed these. War started and China lost, britain took over hong kong, but now china has it back.

Front 28

Soldiers disease

Back 28

Morphine addiction\

Front 29

Glyco heroin

Back 29

Used in cough syrup in 19th century

Front 30

largest producer of opium?

Back 30

India, used for trade in China.

Front 31

Coca

Back 31

Erythroxylum coca, from Erythroxylaceae
Leaves have tiny berries

Front 32

Andean Indians(inca tribes) use of cocaine

Back 32

Chewed the leaves, used for currency, mixed with lime. Thought to be sacred.

Front 33

How andean indians (inca tribes) used cocaine

Back 33

Masticated with lime (calcium hydroxide) to release the cocaine, spit out chewed up leaf.

Front 34

Albert neiman

Back 34

Extracted cocaine in 1860's

Front 35

Goka (q'oka, aztec word)

Back 35

Coca came from goka which means food for workers and travelers.

Front 36

What do they give you in South America to climb a mountain?

Back 36

Beverage with cocaine

Front 37

Coca wine

Back 37

Beverage made by Angelo Mariani (italian), was the rage in Europe in late 19th century

Front 38

Coca cola

Back 38

First marketed as a headache remedy in 1886, used caffeine rich extracts from cola seeds and coca extracts. Cocaine was removed in 1903. By John Pamberton

Front 39

Types of coca products

Back 39

Coke- cocaine when taken in form of a salt (hydrochloride salt) (inject in veins or snort)
Crack/Rocks- made by treating salt with boiling water and baking soda (smoke), solidified like sugar cubes
Free base- pure cocaine, reaches brain in seconds.

Front 40

Tobacco

Back 40

Nicotiana spp. from solanaceae (nightshade family)

Front 41

Where does tobacco come from?

Back 41

Mostly from South america

Front 42

How is tobacco made in the plant?

Back 42

Leaves become tobacco after curing, comes from the leaves but indirectly. Nicotine in synthesized in the roots but translocate to the leaves. Apical meristem ends in flowers, most growers cut the top to help the plant grow.

Front 43

Out of tobacco, alcohol and caffeine which two have more people tried?

Back 43

Alcohol and caffeine.

Front 44

How is tobacco processed?

Back 44

Remove the leaves, hold by petioles, layer with salt water and let dry.

Front 45

Tobacco was used by _____ since prehistoric times

Back 45

American Indians. Sacred plant, was a symbol of peace. Native Americans had peace pipes. Thought that smoke carried the message to gods.

Front 46

Drinking smoke

Back 46

roll pieces of tobacco, crude cigars, leader fasted, put up nostril, this allowed him to communicate with the gods, gave advice.

Front 47

What did columbus bring queen isabella?

Back 47

Brought her cigars because she funded his trip. Was offered the peace pipe in 1400s by native tribes.

Front 48

How did france start growing tobacco?

Back 48

Started cultivation from seeds, tiny seeds.

Front 49

Jean nicot

Back 49

French ambassador to Portugal. He brought tobacco to France, played a great role, which is why the genus name is nicotiana. Linnaeus named it after 200 years, in 1753.

Front 50

What plant did George Washington and Thomas Jefferson grow?

Back 50

Tobacco plants, both had their own farms. Jefferson has tobacco in his statue.

Front 51

Belladonna

Back 51

Atropa(means inflexible) belladona(beautiful lady), from solanaceae Has atropine.

Front 52

How is belladonna used?

Back 52

Squeeze the flower and drop it on the eyes, dilates the eyes.

Front 53

What alkaloid is in belladonna?

Back 53

Atropine, gives the sensation of flying. Applied to skin.

Front 54

What plant was used by middle age witches?

Back 54

Belladonna, used broom to apply. Caused hallucinations

Front 55

Solanaceae has what type of alkaloids?

Back 55

Tropane alkaloids(belladonna alkaloids), similar chemical structure and causes similar reactions.

Front 56

Plants in solanaceae

Back 56

Belladonna, henbane, mandrake, datura (jimson weed), brugmansia (angels trumpet)

Front 57

Henbane

Back 57

Least toxic, has low levels of atropine, but very hallucinogenic.

Front 58

Mandrake

Back 58

has mandragorine, used to treat jaundice, resembles male and female body, thought to be an aphrodisiac

Front 59

Datura

Back 59

AKA jimson weed, fruits are spiky, has scopolamine very hallucinogenic, native to US

Front 60

Brugmasia

Back 60

Genus name for angels trumpet, low growing shrub, has hallucinogenic compounds, can be eaten to death.

Front 61

Peyote

Back 61

aka mescal buttons, rom cactaceae (cactus plant)

Front 62

What does peyote cause?

Back 62

Produces kaleidoscopic illusions of vivid colors, hallucinations and distorted perceptions of times

Front 63

Why is peyote aka mescal buttons?

Back 63

Because it has reduced leaves and it looks like a little mushroom nd when you slice and dry it it looks like a button.

Front 64

What drug does peyote have>

Back 64

Has mescaline, illusion lasts for 12 hours, hears voices of ancestors. Stilled used in Mexico and in Native american churches.

Front 65

Kava

Back 65

Piper methysticum (intoxicating[Greek]) same genus and family as pepper and betel

Front 66

Kava is used....

Back 66

Used throughout pacific islands, used socially in kava bars. Is a stimulating beverage,

Front 67

Where is chemicals in kava?

Back 67

in the root fragments, cut roots and dry then cooks for beverage. Women chew it, this extracts the chemicals, the spit it out and drain the root pieces and serve. Top selling botanical one year.

Front 68

Betel

Back 68

Piper betel, also from pepper family

Front 69

Betel is native to...

Back 69

India and Sri lanka

Front 70

How is betel consumed?

Back 70

Chewed with Areca nut (palm tree) NOTHING is swallowed. Symbol of hospitality, offer to friends. Stains lips red. Also add lime.

Front 71

Ololiuqui

Back 71

Means tiny round thing, rivea sp. Ipomoea sp. From Convolvulacea (morning glory family)

Front 72

Ololiugui is used by _____ and the ___ contains ____

Back 72

Ololiuqui is used by Mexican native and the seeds contain LSD. Used be tribal leader, then he gave advice.

Front 73

When did LSD start in America?

Back 73

In 1960s, synthetically produced LSD became a part of American Counter Culture.

Front 74

Kat native to

Back 74

Ethiopia, its use is accepted by African Muslims

Front 75

Divine fruit for Egyptians? (is a psychoactive drug)

Back 75

kat

Front 76

Where is the drug in kat?

Back 76

In the leaves, reddish color in the petioles, packed in bundles. Chewed all through the day, usually used by men. Chewed with lime.

Front 77

Chemical compound in kat?

Back 77

cathinone (not an alkaloid), gives a mild aphrodisiac, may become addictive, may lead to infertility, so WHO classified as a stimulant drug.

Front 78

Caapi

Back 78

aka cyahuasca, yaje, and cipo. Is a vine and known as the vine of the soul by amazonian tribe

Front 79

Vine of the soul

Back 79

Name for caapi from South American Amazonian Tribe. Thought to help in digestion and cleansing

Front 80

How is caapi used?

Back 80

The barks and stems are mashed with water, drained and then drunk. Hallucinations can be good or terrifying like wild animals are chasing them.

Front 81

Castor beans(not a real bean)

Back 81

Seeds of ricinus communis. From Euphorbiaceae (same as cassava)

Front 82

What is poisonous part of castor beans?

Back 82

The endosperm, has ricin (toxic protein). Needs to be bitten into. Used for laxative purposes. A small amount can kill a person

Front 83

Poinsettia

Back 83

Pencil cactus. Clusters of inflorescences, latex part is poisonous

Front 84

Milkweed

Back 84

Asclepias spp. From family Apocynaceae(like oleander). Has lots of latex which is the toxic portion

Front 85

Chemical compound in milkweed?

Back 85

Is a cardiac glycoside, which speed up the heart rate, used for someone whose heart stopped working.

Front 86

Oleander

Back 86

From apocynaceae, same family as milkweed. Pink and white ones are found all over the place. There is also yellow one.

Front 87

What plant was mistaken for eucalyptus leaves and eaten?

Back 87

Oleander, lady died.

Front 88

Rhododendrons and azaleas

Back 88

From ericaceae (family of blueberries and cranberries), poisonous part is the honey in the flower, used to kill a spider in a war.

Front 89

Dumbcane

Back 89

dieffenbachia (genus name) given as a gift, poisonous part is the leaf or stem which has calcium oxalate, causes paralysis in tongue and throat

Front 90

Jack in the pulpit

Back 90

From the family araceae, called a peace lily, has calcium oxalate crystals (causes paralysis) The pulpit is the funnel like structure (the bract) and the male inflorescence is called the jack, when it's female it's called jill.

Front 91

What did richard shelties do research on?

Back 91

On curare, was used by south american tribes

Front 92

What is used on South American arrows?

Back 92

Curare, a mix of poisons

Front 93

Two of the things used in curare

Back 93

strychnos toxifera and chondrodendron tomentosum

Front 94

Where is strchnos nux-vomica native to?

Back 94

Southeast Asia, contains strychine (alkaloid), now used for rat poison. Causes short paralysis

Front 95

Poison hemlock

Back 95

From Europe, from apiaceae (carrot family), there is also water hemlock. These are the two most poisonous plants naturalized in North AMerica. Causes respiratory paralysis

Front 96

Mescal bean and Jequirity bean

Back 96

From fabaceae, are actual beans. Used by north american indian tribes as a hallucinogen, seed has the toxins, have toxic alkaloids (cytosine) abrin, called the red bean, cases death if a tiny over dose occurs. Slow death.