Plant Morphology Test 4

Front 1

Monocots have how many species?

Back 1

90,000 (lilly, iris, orchids, cattail, palm, etc..)

Front 2

Eudicots have how many species?

Back 2

200,000 (Trees, shrubs, Herbs, etc.)

Front 3

The pedicel of a flower is:

Back 3

the stalk of a flower in an inflorescence

Front 4

The fertile parts of a flower are the

Back 4

carpels and stamens

Front 5

The perianth consists of all the ______ of a flower.

Back 5

sepals and petals

Front 6

Which of the following statements about a stamen is FALSE?

Back 6

It is part of the gynoecium.

Front 7

The portion of a carpel that encloses the ovules is the:

Back 7

ovary

Front 8

The style connects the _____ to the ______.

Back 8

ovary; stigma

Front 9

A monoecious species has:

Back 9

staminate and carpellate flowers on the same plant

Front 10

In flowers with sepals, petals, and stamens attached below the ovary, the ovary is said to be:

Back 10

Superior

Front 11

In angiosperms, the mature female gametophyte consists of _____ cells

Back 11

7

Front 12

Microsporocytes divide by ______, forming ______.

Back 12

meiosis; haploid microspores

Front 13

Which of the following statements concerning pollen grain apertures is FALSE?

Back 13

They are located in the intine.

Front 14

When the microspore of an angiosperm divides, it gives rise directly to

Back 14

a generative cell and a tube cell.

Front 15

A polymer in the _____ protects the pollen grain against UV radiation, dehydration, and pathogen attack

Back 15

exine

Front 16

In the most common pattern of embryo sac development in angiosperms, how many nuclei end up at the chalazal end?

Back 16

3

Front 17

In the center of the embryo sac are the:

Back 17

polar nuclei.

Front 18

The mature megagametophyte consists of ______ nuclei and _____ cells.

Back 18

7: 8

Front 19

In the process of pollination, the

Back 19

pollen passes from the anther to a stigma

Front 20

________ mark the pathways of sperm cell and sperm nucleus migrations within the ovule.

Back 20

Actin “coronas”

Front 21

In the process of double fertilization, one sperm fuses with the ______, and the other sperm fuses with the ______.

Back 21

egg; polar nuclei

Front 22

The process of double fertilization occurs

Back 22

only in angiosperms, Ephedra, and Gnetum.

Front 23

In some angiosperms,the food store of the seed is perisperm derived from the:

Back 23

nucellus.

Front 24

Unlike gymnosperms, the stored food in angiosperms is

Back 24

formed after fertilization.

Front 25

Which of the following is NOT a unique characteristic of the angiosperms?

Back 25

Stamens with four pairs of pollen sacs

Front 26

The original angiosperms most likely:

Back 26

had simple flowers

Front 27

In most angiosperms,petals are probably evolutionary derivatives of:

Back 27

stamens

Front 28

Which of the following was NOT an evolutionary adaptation of angiosperms in response to insects?

Back 28

unisexual flowers

Front 29

The most important flower-visiting animals in angiosperm evolution are

Back 29

bees

Front 30

Flowers with a long corolla tube are most likely pollinated by:

Back 30

moths

Front 31

Which of the following statements about most bat-pollinated flowers is FALSE?

Back 31

They are relatively odorless

Front 32

Flowers pollinated by______ are most likely to produce no nectar, have dull colors, are relatively small, and have the sexes separated on the same plant.

Back 32

wind

Front 33

The most important pigments in floral coloration are:

Back 33

flavonoids.

Front 34

The red and blue pigments stored in vacuoles in flowers are:

Back 34

anthocyanins

Front 35

By definition an accessory fruit develops from

Back 35

an ovary plus additional flower parts

Front 36

Apples and pears are:

Back 36

simple accessory fruits

Front 37

By definition, an indehiscent fruit

Back 37

does not break open at maturity

Front 38

Which of the following is NOT an indehiscent fruit?

Back 38

capsule

Front 39

Which of the following statements about the coevolution of angiosperms and insects is FALSE?

Back 39

Many of the possible coevolution variants have evolved only once within a particular plant family.

Front 40

Benefits of Asexual Reproduction

Back 40

In the absence of pollinators might maintain the species

fast, no mate required

Beneficial for plants that must compete for scarce resources

Front 41

Drawbacks to Asexual Reproduction

Back 41

All individuals are genetically identical

Front 42

Asexual Reproduction

Back 42

"cloning" parts of the plant such as leaves or stems, produce roots and become an independent plant.

Front 43

Sexual Reproduction

Back 43

fusion of male gametes with female gametes-double fertilization

Front 44

Benefits of Sexual reproduction

Back 44

Allows genetic mixing, increasing variability in a population

Front 45

Drawbacks to Sexual reproduction

Back 45

May be limited to a certain season

slower than asexual reproduction

Front 46

Why is sexual reproduction important?

Back 46

for evolution

Produces variable offspring

outbreeding

variation is essential for natural selection to occur

Front 47

petals

Back 47

whorl of flower organs that are often brightly colored to attract pollinators

Front 48

Corolla

Back 48

Whorl of petals in a flower

Front 49

sepals

Back 49

whorl of leaf-like organs outside the corolla; help protect the unopened flower bud

Front 50

calyx

Back 50

whorl of sepals in a flower

Front 51

tepals

Back 51

when sepals and petals look the same

Front 52

Stamen

Back 52

male floral organ, consists of: anther, filament, pollen

Front 53

Anther

Back 53

part of the stamen that produces pollen

Front 54

Filament

Back 54

stalk-like structure that hold anther

Front 55

Pollen

Back 55

immature male gametophyte

Front 56

Insect-pollinated

Back 56

species have sticky of barbed pollen grains

Front 57

wind-pollinated

Back 57

species is lightweight, small and smooth

Front 58

Palynology

Back 58

the study of pollen

Front 59

carpel or pistil

Back 59

female reproductive organ, which contains: stigma, style, ovary, ovules

Front 60

stigma

Back 60

is where pollen sticks to

Front 61

style

Back 61

is the long tube that connects stigma to ovary

Front 62

ovary

Back 62

enlarged structure at the base of carpel/pistil where the ovules are located; it will become the fruit

Front 63

ovules

Back 63

contains female gametophyte, becomes the seed

Front 64

Function of Flower

Back 64

to attract pollinators with colorful petals, scent, nectar and pollen

Front 65

Pollination

Back 65

transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma

Front 66

Nectar

Back 66

a sugary solution produced in special flower glands called nectaries

Front 67

why do pollinators pollinate plants?

Back 67

rich in protein and oils

Front 68

Carotenoids

Back 68

red, orange, yellow

Front 69

Flavonoids

Back 69

Block UV radiation

Front 70

Anthocyanins

Back 70

red and blue- water soluble- color depends on the acidity of the sap

Front 71

Flavonols

Back 71

Ivory, white

Front 72

Betacyanin

Back 72

red

Front 73

what colors do bees see?

Back 73

blue and yellow

Front 74

what colors do birds like?

Back 74

Yellow or red

Front 75

what are some Abiotic vectors?

Back 75

Wind, Water

Front 76

what are some biotic vectors?

Back 76

insects , humans, birds, monkeys, bates

mites, mammals, spiders, and kangaroos

Front 77

what color flower do butterflies perceive?

Back 77

red and orange

Front 78

Cellose

Back 78

helps pollen tube grow faster/better

Front 79

simple fruits

Back 79

develop from a single or several fused carpels

Front 80

Aggregate fruits

Back 80

result form a single flower with multiple separate carpels

Front 81

multiple fruits

Back 81

develop from a group of flowers called an inflorescence

Front 82

accessory fruit

Back 82

contains other floral parts in addition to ovaries