Plant Kingdom-Liverworts, Mosses And Hornworts

Front 1

rhizoids

Back 1

rootlike structures that anchor the thallus to the ground

Front 2

thallus

Back 2

plant body of a bryophyte

Front 3

What is the symmetry of a liverwort thallus?

Back 3

bilateral, dorsoventrally flat

Front 4

What is the symmetry of a moss thallus?

Back 4

radial, erect

Front 5

In bryophytes which phase, gametophyte or sporophyte, is dominant?

Back 5

gametophyte (eventually the sporophyte is completely dependent on the gametophyte)

Front 6

Antheridia

Back 6

male sex organs that produce swimming, biflagellate sperm

Front 7

How do sperm get to eggs?

Back 7

swim through water and down the neck canal

Front 8

Archegonia

Back 8

female sex organs

Front 9

Where does the zygote mature?

Back 9

In the archegonium and produces a sporophyte that remains dependent on the gametophyte

Front 10

hepaticophyta

Back 10

liverworts

Front 11

chlorenchyma

Back 11

in the air chambers on the dorsal surface of the thallus that contain chloroplasts

Front 12

How do liverworts asexually produce?

Back 12

fragmentation and/or gemmae cups

Front 13

gemmae cups

Back 13

on dorsal surface of thallus near midrib vein; contain gemmae inside that're splashed out in the rain and if land in a favorable environment they produce a new gametophyte

Front 14

Are Marchantia dioecious or monoceious?

Back 14

dioecious (separate male and female plants)

Front 15

Archegoniophores

Back 15

stalks on female plants that have archegonia

Front 16

Antheridiophores

Back 16

stalks on male plants that have antheridia

Front 17

neck

Back 17

narrow portion of the archegonium

Front 18

neck canal

Back 18

portion of the neck that sperm swim down to fertilize the egg in the archegonium

Front 19

venter

Back 19

dilated portion of the archegonium that contains the egg

Front 20

Which are there more of, eggs or sperm?

Back 20

sperm

Front 21

foot

Back 21

structure that connects the nonphotosynthetic sporophyte to the photosynthetic gametophyte

Front 22

spores

Back 22

produced by meiosis in a capsule that is on a stalk that extends downward from foot

Front 23

elaters

Back 23

elongated cells amongst spores that help with dispersal by twisting
(coil when humid and straighten when dry releasing spores)

Front 24

are spores haploid or diploid?

Back 24

haploid

Front 25

how many cells thick is a Polytrichum?

Back 25

1

Front 26

do moss and liverworts have stomata?

Back 26

Moss do (can be open/closed)
Liverworts don't, they have pores that can't be closed so they lose water more easily

Front 27

Compare the symmetry of a moss gametophyte and a liverwort gametophyte.

Back 27

moss gametophyte is radially symmetrical
liverwort gametophyte is bilaterally symmetrical

Front 28

What moss is often used to ship items?

Back 28

Sphagnum because it absorbs lots of water and can keep things moist

Front 29

How do mosses asexually reproduce?

Back 29

fragmentation

Front 30

Are mosses dioecious or monoecious?

Back 30

dioecious

Front 31

seta

Back 31

stalks of moss with capsules on top that make up the sporophyte

Front 32

calyptra

Back 32

remains of archegonium that covers the apex of the capsule;
falls off when capsule matures

Front 33

what are inside the capsule?

Back 33

haploid spores formed by meiosis

Front 34

operculum

Back 34

caplike structure at the tip of a capsule
(if you remove it, there are hairlike teeth lining the capsule that help control release of spores)

Front 35

How do teeth lining the capsule control the release of spores?

Back 35

in wet weather, bend inward and prevent release.
in dry weather, bend outward and help spore distribution by wind

Front 36

what process produces spores?

Back 36

meiosis

Front 37

Is the capsule haploid or diploid?

Back 37

diploid

Front 38

protonema

Back 38

a structure that looks like a branching filamentous alga that forms from the germination of a moss' haploid spores

Front 39

What is the smallest group of bryophytes?

Back 39

hornworts

Front 40

Where are spores produced in hornworts?

Back 40

in the horn

Front 41

midrib vein

Back 41

main vein down the center of a leaf

Front 42

Where do sporophytes develop?

Back 42

in the archegonium after fertilization by sperm