Plant Id Final

Front 1

Two types of flowers on same plants called disk and ray flowers; series of bracts surrounding inflorescence

Back 1

Asteraceae

Front 2

6 showy tepals; 6 stamens; superior ovary

Back 2

Juncaceae

Front 3

Shrub with opposite leaves; 3 fused carpels with one mature seed in fruit; inferior ovary

Back 3

Caprifoliaceae

Front 4

3-ranked leaves; single ovule in superior ovary; no perianth; stem hollow

Back 4

Poaceae

Front 5

monoecious; basal, linear leaves; wetland plant

Back 5

Typhaceae

Front 6

Flowers zygomorphic; pollen aggregated into pollinia; ovary
inferior

Back 6

Orchidaceae

Front 7

6 showy tepals; leaves basal and 2-ranked; radial symmetry; inferior ovary

Back 7

Iridaceae

Front 8

Ovary inferior; sheathing leaf base; 2 fused carpels forming
a schizocarp; inflorescence an umbel

Back 8

Apiaceae

Front 9

3-ranked leaves; many-seeded capsule; 3-parted flowers;
stem round, solid; flowers inconspicuous, wind-pollinated

Back 9

Juncaceae

Front 10

4 free petals, actinomorphic floral symmetry; inferior
ovary

Back 10

Oleaceae

Front 11

flowers bilabiate; fruit of four basally-attached nutlets;
iridoids present

Back 11

Lamiaceae

Front 12

Plant monoecious; inflorescence surrounded by a single
showy bract; smell of carrion

Back 12

Araceae

Front 13

Infloresescence, called a spikelet, subtended by 2 bracts, zygomorphic; wind pollinated; stems hollow

Back 13

Cyperaceae

Front 14

Didynamous stamens; bilabiate corolla; fruit a many
seeded capsule

Back 14

Scrophulariaceae

Front 15

Pseudanthium

What is it? Name a family it is found in.

Back 15

Inflorescence in which several flowers are grouped together to form a flower-like structure. Real flowers generally greatly reduced.

Found in Asteraceae

Front 16

Involucre

What is it? Name one family where it is found.

Back 16

A collection or rosette of bracts subtending a flower cluster, umbel, or the like.

Found in Asteraceae.

Front 17

Spadix

What is it? Name one family in which it is found.

Back 17

An inflorescence consisting of a spike with a fleshy or thickened axis, usually enclosed in a spathe.

Found in Araceae

Front 18

Petaloid styles

What is it? Name one family in which it is found.

Back 18

Styles that resemble petals.

Found in Iridaceae.

Front 19

Pseudobulb

What is it? Name one family in which it is found.

Back 19

Enlarged, aboveground portion of stem, present in many tropical orchids, in which moisture is stored.

Front 20

Column

What is it? Name one family in which it is found.

Back 20

Column-like structure composed of united stamens and style. Found in orchids.

Front 21

Glumes

What is it? Name one family in which it is found.

Back 21

Chafflike bracts of the inflorescence of grasses (Poaceae) and sedges. Especially one of the pair of bracts at the base of a spikelet.

Front 22

Perigynium

What is it? Name one family in which it is found.

Back 22

Unusual appendage about the pistil, as the bottle-shaped body in the sedges (Cyperaceae), and the bristles or scales in some other genera

Front 23

Monocots Vs. Dicots

Typical number of flower parts.

Back 23

Monocots: 3

Dicots: 4, 5, rarely 3

Front 24

Monocots Vs. Dicots

Vascular Cambium in secondary stem tissue.

Back 24

Monocots: not present

Dicots: often present

Front 25

Monocots Vs. Dicots

Number of pollen apertures.

Back 25

Monocots: monosulcate

Dicots: monosulcate or tricolpate

Front 26

Monocots Vs. Dicots

Number of cotyledons

Back 26

Monocots: 1

Dicots: 2

Front 27

Monocots Vs. Dicots

Leaf venation

Back 27

Monocots: parallel

Dicots: Net veined, pinnate, palmate

Front 28

Monocots Vs. Dicots

Arrangement of vascular bundles in stem.

Back 28

Monocots: scattered vascular bundles

Dicots: ring of vascular bundles

Front 29

List 6 traits of the parasitic reduction syndrome and why they occur.

Back 29

1. Loss of leaves--take up E, photosynthesis not occurring
2. Small overall size-no need for large plant to hold leaves
3. Loss of roots-unnecessary, get E from host
4. Loss of chlorophyll-not doing photosynthesis
5. Loss of genes needed for photosynthesis-not doing photosynthesis
6. Higher substitution rate in genes that are not lost

Front 30

How can monocots grow to be tree-like if they don't have wood?

Back 30

Scattered vascular bundles of long, stiff cells support tall growth.

Front 31

The species concept that requires knowledge about reproductive isolation between plants is the

a) morphological species concept
b) biological species concept
c) phylogenetic species concept
d) polymorphic species concept
e) typological species concept

Back 31

b) biological species concept

Front 32

Which of the following are all processes that may result in immediate speciation?

a) sympatry, polyploidy, accumulation of genetic differences
b) polyploidy, allopatry, selection for reproductive isolation
c) allopatry, selection for reproductive isolation, macromutation
d) selection for reproductive isolation, accumulation of genetic differences, allopatry
e) macromutation, chromosomal rearrangements, polyploidy

Back 32

e) macromutation, chromosomal rearrangements, polyploidy

Front 33

Plants that obtain part of their nutrition by photosynthesis, but still parasitize other plants are:

a) hemiparasites
b) commensals
c) autotrophs
d) heterotrophs
e) obligate parasites

Back 33

a) hemiparasites

Front 34

The number of sets of chromosomes in an organism is called its

a) karyotype
b) ploidy
c) chromosomal compatibility
d) chromosome base number
e) tetrasome

Back 34

b) ploidy

Front 35

Two groups of organisms that are reproductively incompatible, but morphologically similar are called:

a) sympatric species
b) allopatric species
c) sibling species
d) phylogenetic species
e) type species

Back 35

c) sibling species

Front 36

Describe the structure and action of the ‘pollen pump’ mechanism of pollen
presentation found in the Asteraceae.

Back 36

The style typically is split at the tip and the stigmatic surface is along the inner wall of the split portion. When the flower matures the style forks are held together as the style emerges through the tube formed by the fused anthers, pushing the pollen
before it. This exposes the pollen to pollinators BEFORE the style splits open
exposing the stigmatic surface. The anthers release pollen before the stigma is
receptive (when pollen is released from a flower before the stigma is receptive, it is
called protandry).

Front 37

Describe 5 vegetative traits exhibited by many epiphytic orchids that may function as adaptations to the epiphytic environment.

Back 37

1. Sunken stomata
2. Thick waxy cuticle
3. Absorbent scales
4. Swollen stems
5. Aerial roots

Front 38

Monocots all have vascular bundles in a ____ arrangement in their stems and _____ leaf venation.

Back 38

scattered; parallel

Front 39

The type of inflorescence found in Apiaceae is a/an ______. This aggregation of
many small flowers to form a single unit for attracting pollinators sometimes is called a/an _______.

Back 39

umbel; pseudanthium

Front 40

A plant that lacks chlorophyll and derives all of its food from another plant is a/an _________, whereas a plant that contains chlorophyll and is capable of photosynthesis, but still derives some of its nutrition from another plant is a/an ______.

Back 40

holoparasite; hemiparasite

Front 41

The inflorescence of skunk cabbage (and other members of family Araceae) is called a/an ______ and it is subtended by a structure called a/an ____

Back 41

spadix; spathe

Front 42

Two structures called ______ form the base of a spikelet in grasses, while the individual floret is enclosed by the _____ and the _____.

Back 42

glumes; lemma; palea

Front 43

In Orchidaceae and some Apocynaceae (a bonus family), all of the pollen grains from one or more stamens are aggregated together into a structure called a ______.

Back 43

pollinia

Front 44

Introgression is...

a) the production of sterile hybrids between two species
b) a form of speciation involving doubling of chromosome number
c) reproductive isolation resulting from self-fertilization
d) the transmission of genes from one species into another through hybrid intermediates
e) the process by which reproductive incompatibility is increased when two species come back into contact soon after speciation has occurred

Back 44

d) the transmission of genes from one species into another through hybrid intermediates

Front 45

An organism with more than 2 sets of chromosomes is called a

a) karyotype
b) polyploid
c) diploid
d) hybrid
e) tetrasome

Back 45

b) polyploid

Front 46

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the parasitic reduction syndrome?

a) Small overall size of plant
b) Fast rate of gene/DNA evolution
c) Loss of chlorophyll and other photosynthetic pigments
d) Loss of roots
e) Reduction in floral display

Back 46

e) Reduction in floral display

Front 47

All of the following are characteristics of monocots EXCEPT:

a) parallel leaf venation
b) flower parts in multiples of 3
c) usually herbaceous (no true wood)
d) vascular cambium present
e) monocolpate pollen

Back 47

d) vascular cambium present

Front 48

The species concept stating that species are identified by derived traits shared by organisms, and which assumes that evidence of evolutionary novelty is sufficient to define speciation is:

a) morphological species concept
b) phylogenetic species concept
c) typological species concept
d) biological species concept
e) ontological species concept

Back 48

b) phylogenetic species concept

Front 49

Which of the following stamen arrangements characterizes most members of the Lamiaceae and Scrophulariaceae?

a) Tetradynamous stamens
b) Monadelphlous stamens
c) Monophyletic stamens
d) Didynamous stamens
e) Diadelphous stamens

Back 49

d) Didynamous stamens

Front 50

“Spurious endemism” can arise from which of the following processes/activities?

a) “Taxonomic inflation” resulting from splitting widespread species into many small species
b) “Release from selection,” in which a broader range of phenotypes survive to reproduce in the next
generation.
c) “Weed invasions” resulting in plants being distributed more widely than their natural range
d) “Local extinction” resulting from destructive actions of humans
e) “Punctuated equilibrium,” in which species appear to arise instantaneously in the fossil record

Back 50

a) “Taxonomic inflation” resulting from splitting widespread species into many small species

Front 51

An endemic species …

a) is widespread, but never very abundant
b) is always rare
c) is found all over the world and is very abundant
d) is highly invasive in disturbed habitats
e) is restricted to a specified geographic range

Back 51

e) is restricted to a specified geographic range

Front 52

The characteristic that provides the best means of distinguishing the Scrophulariaceae from the
Lamiaceae is

a) the shape of the stem in cross-section
b) floral symmetry
c) number of ovules in the ovary
d) the number and arrangement of stamens
e) leaf arrangement

Back 52

c) number of ovules in the ovary

Front 53

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epiphytic orchids that is considered an
adaptation to their epiphytic habit?

a) Tiny seeds without endosperm
b) Thickened aerial roots covered by velamen
c) Sunken stomata
d) Thick waxy cuticle on leaves
e) Swollen stems called ‘pseudobulbs’

Back 53

a) Tiny seeds without endosperm

Front 54

Which of the following families DOES NOT have an inferior ovary:

a) Cyperaceae
b) Orchidaceae
c) Iridaceae
d) Caprifoliaceae
e) Asteraceae

Back 54

a) Cyperaceae

Front 55

Parasitic plants connect to the host plant by means of a structure called a:

a) root nodule
b) cyanobacterium
c) heterotroph
d) haustorium
e) endosymbiont

Back 55

d) haustorium

Front 56

Two species that occupy the same geographic range are called:

a) endemic species
b) allopatric species
c) sibling species
d) type species
e) sympatric species

Back 56

e) sympatric species

Front 57

Herb with long linear leaves, 2-ranked on the stem, which is hollow; inflorescence with two bracts at the base and two bracts at the base of each flower.

Back 57

Poaceae

Front 58

Herb with long, slender leaves in three ranks around the
stem; small, inconspicuous, radially-symmetric flowers
with 3 sepals, 3 petals, 6 stamens, and 3 fused carpels

Back 58

Juncacecae

Front 59

Shrub with opposite leaves, bilaterally symmetric
lowers with didynamous stamens, and an ovary of two
fused carpels each section containing one ovule

Back 59

Lamiaceae

Front 60

Aquatic herb with long sword-like leaves and many
small male and female flowers organized into spikelike
inflorescence; fruits are 1-seeded follicles)

Back 60

Typhaceae