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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Brassinosteroids
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• Support elongation of pollen tubes
• Support elongation of stems • Support growth of xylem • Inhibit leaf abscission |
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Stem elongation is supported by what hormones?
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Brassinosteroids, Auxin, Gibberellic acid
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Stem elongation is inhibited by what hormones?
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Ethylene, Abscisic Acid
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cytokinins (hormone)
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• Promote cell division
• Promote lateral bud outgrowth • Inhibit leaf senescence/abscission |
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Tendrils
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modified leaf structures that wrap around
adjacent stems & other structures |
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Bracts
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some plants have colorful modified leaves around
flowers (e.g., with poinsettia) that serve to attract pollinators |
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hormone that causes stomata to close during times of low water availability
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Abscisic acid
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Carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls)
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aid in the gathering of light for photosynthesis and destroy free radicals
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Flavonoid pigment
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protects plant from UV radiation
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Parenchyma Cells
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-photosynthesis
-store starch -most common cell type |
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Collenchyma cells
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-thick cell walls
-function in support |
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Sclerenchyma cells
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-provide support
-often contain lignin |
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Fiber cells
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type of sclerenchyma cell that reinforces the xylem, ocurrs in bundles and functions in mechanical support
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Pith
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central portion of stem made up of ground tissue
that is typically parenchyma cells |
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Cortex
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ground tissue inside of epidermis that extends
to concentric ring of vascular bundles |
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Rhizomes
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underground stem that produces
vertical above ground shoots from its axillary buds |
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Stolons
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horizontal above-ground shoots (runners)
that grow along the surface of the ground and can result in asexual reproduction |
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Tubers
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enlarged ends of rhizomes or stolons that
are specialized for food storage |
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Endodermis
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layer of root that contains suberin...casparian strip
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Vascular cylinder (stele) of root consists of
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xylem, phloem, pericycle
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pericycle
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layer inside endodermis from which lateral roots arise
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Rhizobium
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nitrogen-fixing bacteria that lives in the nodules of roots
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prop roots
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above ground roots that help support plant
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Pneumatophores
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air roots. allow underwater plants to obtain oxygen
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Bark is made up of
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secondary phloem and cork...periderm
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Three Phloem cell types:
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sieve tubes, sieve cells, and companion cells
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Xylem is _____ at functional maturity.
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dead
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Brassinosteroid Hormones
Support Growth of |
Xylem Tracheids & Vessels
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Tracheids
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part of xylem in pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms
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Vessels are present in
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gnetophytes and angiosperms.
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rays originate in the
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vascular cambium
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lenticels are
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spongy regions in the cork of stems & roots that
allows for gas exchange |
