Plant Diversity

Front 1

What is the kingdom name for plants?

Back 1

Plantae

Front 2

Approximately how many species compose the plant kingdom?

Back 2

290,000 species

Front 3

What phyla is the most recent common ancestor of land plants?

Back 3

Charophyta (Charophyceans; Green Algae)

Front 4

What characteristics are used as evidence for the relationship of plants and its most recent common ancestor?

Back 4

Rose-shaped complexes for cellulose synthesis
Peroxisome enzymes
Structure of flagellated sperm
Formation of a phragmoplast
Molecular Sequence Data

Front 5

Rosette Cellulose-Synthesising Complexes

Back 5

Rose-shaped arrays of proteins in the plasma membrane of plants/charophyceans that synthesize cellulose microfibrils of the cell wall

Front 6

Peroxisome Enzymes

Back 6

Peroxisomes of plants/charophcyeans contain enzymes that minimize loss of organic products due to photorespiration

Front 7

Structure of Flagellated Sperm

Back 7

Structure of plant flagellated sperm resembles that of charophycean spern

Front 8

Phragmoplast

Back 8

Alignment of cytosekeletal elements and Golgi-derived vesicles acros midline of a dividing cell

Front 9

What characteristics distinguish land plants from their most recent common ancestor?

Back 9

Apical Meristems
Alternaton of Generations
Walled Spores Produced in Sporangia
Multicellular Gametangia
Multicellular Dependent Embryos

Front 10

Apical Meristems

Back 10

Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and the buds of shoots; supplies cells for plant to grow

Front 11

Alternation of Generation

Back 11

Life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form (sporophyte) and a multicellular haploid form (gametophyte)

Front 12

Production of Spores

Back 12

Sporangia produce spores from sporocytes (diploid cells) via meiosis

Front 13

Gametigania

Back 13

Structure in which gametes are produced; plants have mutlicellular archegonia (female) and antheridia (male)

Front 14

Multicellular, Dependent Embryos

Back 14

Develop from zygotes retained in female parent tissues, which provide nutrients; Placental trancfer cells enhance transfer (analagous to placenta) land plants known as "embryophytes"

Front 15

What is the most diverse group of plants today?

Back 15

Angiosperms

Front 16

When did land plants originate on earth?

Back 16

About 500 million years ago

Front 17

Does this kindgom form a monophyletic group? Why or why not?

Back 17

Yes, kingdom Plantae forms a monophyletic group; it includes a common ancestor and all of its decended relatives

Front 18

Define "Viridiplantae"

Back 18

A taxonomic group including plants and close protist ancestors, mainly algae; under debate as to whether or not it should be reclassified as a kingdom

Front 19

List the major challenges lplants faced in moving from water onto land, and the innovations they developed to overcome them

Back 19

Support: Thicker cell walls, vascular tissue
Uptake and Transport of Nutrients; Roots and Shoots
Dessication; Cuticle and Stomata
Protection from UV Light: Cuticle
Obtaining Light: Leaves
New Predation: Toxins
Reproductive measures lacking water: Reduction of the gametophyte

Front 20

List all the phyla within kingdom Plantae, in order of their evolution

Back 20

Hepatophyta: Liverworts
Anthocerophyta: Hornworts
Bryophyta: Mosses
Lycophyta: Lycopods
Pterophyta: Wisk ferns, horse tails, ferns
Gnetophyta: Gnetophytes
Cycadophyta: Cycads
Ginkgophyta: Ginkgos
Coniferophyta: Conifers
Anthrophyta: Angiosperms

Front 21

Describe where each of the major innovations in adaption of life on land occured

Back 21

Cuticle: Before Hepatophyta
Stomata: Between Hepatophyta and Anthocertophyta
Vascular Tissue: Between Bryophyta and Lycophyta
Roots: Between Bryophta and Lycophyta
Reduced Gametophye: Between Bryophyta and Lycophyta
Seeds: Between Pterophyta and the Gymnosperm clade
Flowers: Between the Gymnosperm clade and Anthrophyta