Plant Biology Exam 3

Front 1

What is the dominant generation of the fern lifecycle?

Back 1

Sporophyte

Front 2

Where is fern diversity the greatest?

Back 2

Tropics

Front 3

What is the function of the Elater?

Back 3

Helps in spore dispersal

Front 4

Do heterosporous plants have unisexual or bisexual gametophytes?

Back 4

unisexual

Front 5

Name the three essential components of a seed?

Back 5

- seed coat ( protection) embryo, and nutritive tissue ( endosperm)

Front 6

what is the equivalent lifestage of a pollen grain in mosses?

Back 6

haploid free-living gametophyte

Front 7

what are the two products of a double fertilization event that is common to all angiosperm sexual reproduction?

Back 7

Embryo and endosperm

Front 8

list two ways in which hermaphrodite flowers avoid self-fertilization

Back 8

spatial seperation, genetic incompatibility, and temporal seperation

Front 9

what is a fruit?

Back 9

a mature ovary

Front 10

what is a strawberry?

Back 10

acheness

Front 11

1. Which of the following statements about the shoot and root apical meristems is FALSE
a. They are perpetually young tissues or cells
b. They are established during embryogenesis
c. It is through their activity that most plant development occurs
d. They lose their potential to divide soon after embryogenesis is complete
e. They generate cells that give rise to roots, stems, leaves, and flowers.

Back 11

D) they lose their potential to divide soon after embryogensis is complete

Front 12

1. Which of the following statements about primary growth is FALSE
a.it results in extension of the plant body
b. it involves the formation of primary tissues
c. it results in the thickening of the stem and root
d. it gives rise to the primary plant body
e. it results from activity of the root and shoot apical meristems

Back 12

C) it results in the thickening of the stem and root

Front 13

3. The three tissue systems of vascular plants are :
a. the dermal, vascular, and ground tissue systems
b.protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem
c.parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma
d. epidermis, periderm, and protoderm
e.xylem, phloem, and epidermis

Back 13

A) the dermal, vascular, and ground tissue systems

Front 14

4.From which primary meristem does sclerenchyma develop?
A)Parenchyma
B)Collenchyma
C)Procambium
D)Ground meristem
E)Protoderm

Back 14

D) Ground meristem

Front 15

5.Collenchyma is a tissue in the:
A)Ground tissue system where the cells are usually alive at maturity
B)Vascular tissue system where the cells are usually dead at maturity
C)Dermal tissue system where the cells are usually alive at maturity
D)Ground tissue system where the the cells are usually dead at maturity
E)Vascular tissue system where the cells are usually alive at maturity

Back 15

A) Ground tissue system where the cells are usually alive at maturity

Front 16

6. The main thickening substance in sclerenchyma cells is
A) Lignin
B)Suberin
C)Cellulose
D)Callose
E)All of the above

Back 16

A)lignin

Front 17

7. Parenchyma cells have:
A)Relatively thin lignified cell walls
B)Thick uneven lignified cell walls
C)Thick uneven cellulose walls
D)Relatively thin cellulose walls
E)Relatively thick suberized walls

Back 17

D) relatively thin cellulose walls

Front 18

8._____ tissue is composed of cells having unevenly thickened primary walls
A) Collenchyma
B)Xylem
C)Parenchyma
D)Phloem
E)Sclerenchyma

Back 18

A)Collenchyma

Front 19

9.Which of the following is a simple tissue?
A)Periderm
B)Xylem
C)Sclerenchyma
D)Phloem
E)Epidermis

Back 19

C)Schlerenchyma

Front 20

10.In dicots, the primary root is called the:
A) Fibrous root
B)Prop root
C) lateral root
D)taproot
E)branch root

Back 20

D)taproot

Front 21

11.Root hairs are produced in the:
A) region of cell division
B)region of elongation
C)region of maturation
D)quiescent center
E)area between the regions of cell division and elongation

Back 21

C)region of maturation

Front 22

12. The sequence of regions in a growing root, beginning immediately behind the rootcap, is:
A) elongation, maturation, cell division
B) cell division, maturation, elongation
C) cell division, elongation, maturation
D)elongation, cell division, maturation
E)maturation, elongation, cell division.

Back 22

C) cell division, elongation, and maturation

Front 23

13. The innermost layer of the cortex in a root is the:
A)pericycle
B)xylem
C)epidermis
D)endodermis
E)pith

Back 23

D) endodermis

Front 24

14.The vascular cambium in both roots and stems is initiated by cells:
A) of the pericycle
B) of the endodermis
C)in the center of the vascular cylinder
D)opposite the protoxylem poles
E)between the primary xylem and primary phloem

Back 24

E) between the primary xylem and primary phloem

Front 25

15.A stolon is an:
A) underground stem, modified for storage
B)Root modified for asexual reproduction
C)Above ground horizontal stem rooting at each node
D) Climbing stem, modified with tendrils
E)Root modified for storage

Back 25

C) above ground horizontal stem rooting at each node

Front 26

16. Stems modified for photosynthesis are called:
A)Thorns
B)Cladophylls
C)Stolons
D)Corms
E)Tendrils

Back 26

B)Cladophylls

Front 27

17. In young, actively growing stems, what tissue provides structural support:
A)Parenchyma
B)Sclerenchyma
C)Collenchyma
D)Metaxylem vessels
E)Phloem

Back 27

C)Collenchyma

Front 28

18. A cactus thorn is not a true thorn but is instead a modified:
A) Branch
B)leaf
C)epidermal hair
D)stem
E)flower

Back 28

B)leaf

Front 29

19.Which of the following is NOT part of the periderm?
A) Phellem
B)Phellogen
C)Phelloderm
D)Epidermis
E)Cork Cambium

Back 29

D)Epidermis

Front 30

20.How many rings of vascular cambium would be found in a tree that is 6 years old?
A) O
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)6

Back 30

B)1

Front 31

21. What are the two main classes of flowering plants (angiosperms) and how are they defined?

Back 31

Moncots- one cotyledon
Dicots- Two cotyledon

Front 32

23. name 4 ways in which seeds can be induced to break dormancy?

Back 32

temperature, fire, water, and even pass through digestive system of animals

Front 33

24. When is polarity first established in the plant?

Back 33

Embyrogenesis

Front 34

25. Name two differences between primary and secondary growth

Back 34

Primary- results of apical meristem growth in length
Secondary- results of lateral meristem growth in width/ girth of plant

Front 35

26.Name 2 cell types that are alive at maturity and 2 that are dead

Back 35

Alive- Collenchyma, Parenchyma
Dead- Sclerenchyma, tracheids

Front 36

27. What are the two main differences between Xylem and Phloem?

Back 36

Xylem transports water and is DEAD
Phloem transports sugars and food and is ALIVE

Front 37

28. Name three tissues in the ground tissue system?

Back 37

Sclerenchyma, collenchyma, and Parenchyma

Front 38

29.Are the cells primarily responsible for transport of substances in xylem alive or dead?

Back 38

DEAD

Front 39

30.Are the cells primarily responsible for transport of substances in phloem alive or dead?

Back 39

ALIve!

Front 40

31. To what tissue system do the guard cells of the stomates belong?

Back 40

Epidermis

Front 41

32. what are the two types of root systems, and which occurs in dicots and which in monocots?

Back 41

Taproot- Dicots
Fibrous- Monocots

Front 42

33. What tissue system and which specific cells do lateral roots originate from?

Back 42

Vascular Tissue- pericycle cells

Front 43

34. Give four functions of the root.

Back 43

Anchorage, Absorption, Storage and Conduction

Front 44

35. What does the endodermis force water to do, as the water moves into the vascular system.

Back 44

It forces water to move through the plasma membrane

Front 45

36. Some plants hyper-accumulate metal ions. Name one situation where human can use this as an opportunity. name one situation where this is a problem for humans.
Opportunity:
Problem:

Back 45

Opportunity: reclamation of soils contaminated with heavy metals
Problem: Cattle posioning from hyper accumulation in plants

Front 46

37. What horizon in the soil contains the most organic matter?

Back 46

Topsoil

Front 47

38.How would you test whether a chemical element is essential for a plant?

Back 47

Take out the chemical and test whether the element is essential if plant fails to reproduce and survive

Front 48

39.Name two macronutrients

Back 48

Phosphorous and nitrogen

Front 49

40. Name two micronutrients

Back 49

Iron and Nickel

Front 50

41. Name one phloem-mobile element, and state in which part of the plant defiency symptoms first appear.

Back 50

Nitrogen- older parts of plants

Front 51

42.Name the 3 primary horizons of the soil.

Back 51

Top Soil, Subsoil, Soil base

Front 52

43. How can you distinguish a simple leaf from the leaflet of a compound leaf?

Back 52

A leaf has a bud in the axil between the leaf stalk and the main stem. A leaflet does not.

Front 53

44.Name two leaf modifications and their functions.

Back 53

Water Storage- Water Succulents
Support- Tendrils

Front 54

45. What is the function of the extra large intercellular air spaces in the leaves of the water-lily?

Back 54

To conduct air ( Co2 and O2) from the leaves down to the rest of the plant

Front 55

46.Do bulliform cells appear in monocots or dicots? What is their function?

Back 55

IN monocots, they control leaf folding along midrib

Front 56

47. What is the name for a plant that grows and produces seed in a single season?

Back 56

Annual

Front 57

48. What is a growth ring?

Back 57

Defined region of secondary xylem that produces a single season

Front 58

49. In what type of climate are growth usually more prominent?

Back 58

Temperature climates that have a distinct winter/ summer cycle

Front 59

50. Give 2 functions of Stems

Back 59

Conduction and Support

Front 60

51. Give the name and function of three stem modifications

Back 60

Food- Corms, Rhizomes and Tubers
Mechanical protection- Thorns
PHotosyntheis- cladophylls