Plant Biology 11

Front 1

A complex tissue is composed of _____, a representative example would be ______ tissue.

Back 1

more than one cell type / dermal

Front 2

A cell that has two copies of each chromosome is said to be

Back 2

diploid

Front 3

The electrical charge of the nucleus of an atom is determined by which of the following subatomic particles

Back 3

protons

Front 4

A phloem cell that is degenerate is called _____ and its metabolic activities are controlled by a neighboring ______ cell

Back 4

sieve cell / companion cell

Front 5

Which of the following biological polymers are NOT correctly paired with their constituent monomers

Back 5

DNA / fatty acids

proteins / nucleic acids

Front 6

Both animal and plant eukaryotic cells have many similar organelles, however, plant cells are unique in that they contain ________ which animal cells do not

Back 6

vacuoles and chloroplasts

Front 7

In eukaryotic cells, organelle membranes serve

Back 7

* as platforms for specific biochemical reactions

* to separate specific processes

Front 8

Plants are ecologically vital because they

Back 8

* provide O2 for animals

* filter the air

* provide food for micro-organisms

* are a source of products used by humans

Front 9

Electrons are key in chemical and therefore biological processes because they

Back 9

* affect a molecules ability to dissolve in water

* form bonds to create larger molecules

* affect a molecules energy level

Front 10

Long chains of _______ form the essential structure ________

Back 10

amino acids / proteins

Front 11

The feature of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum that makes it "smooth" are the lack of _______ that participate in the synthesis of _______

Back 11

ribosomes / proteins

Front 12

Plant "Growth" as described in class could include which of the following

Back 12

* An increase in cell number

* An increase in cell size

Front 13

Cell division that occurs meristems is termed _______ and produces cells that are_________ to/from the parent cell

Back 13

mitosis / identical

Front 14

Movement of organelles around a cell and the movement of chromosomes during mitosis are examples of processes that involve the action of the

Back 14

cytoskeleton

Front 15

The xylem tissue

Back 15

transports water

Front 16

Which of the following are attributes of a living organism?

Back 16

* Movement

* Response to stimuli

* Metabolism

* Reproduction

Front 17

In plants, lipid-based molecules are important in.....

Back 17

Energy storage and membrane composition

Front 18

Proteins (polypeptides) are important in cells as they function in

Back 18

* Cytoskeleton structure

* Metabolism

Front 19

As an electron moves from an inner orbital around an atom to an outer orbital most likely result is

Back 19

an increase in energy level

Front 20

Stomata and their guard cells

Back 20

control the exchange of gases by leaves

Front 21

Cells that may impale or poison organisms as they move across a plant tissue are termed ________ and are considered part of the _________ tissue.

Back 21

trichomes / dermal

Front 22

Cellulose that forms microfibrils in cell wall is one of the most abundant molecules, it is considered a

Back 22

polysaccharide

Front 23

Make the BEST match:

Vacuole

Back 23

Ion and water storage

Front 24

Make the BEST match:

Prophase

Back 24

DNA condensation

Front 25

A hypothesis is

Back 25

a possible explanation for a particular observation

Front 26

In order to maintain their complex internal structure, cell require a continual input of

Back 26

energy

Front 27

A eukaryotic cell possess ________ while a prokaryotic cell does not

Back 27

a nucleus

Front 28

The four major groups of biological macromolecules are

Back 28

Lipids

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

Front 29

Although dermal tissue may provide many functions, a key one involves the cuticle that is vital to

Back 29

minimize tissue water loss

Front 30

In tissues that require great structural strength you expect to find cell walls that have

Back 30

lignin

Front 31

Which of the following statements is FALSE

Back 31

fats serve as an important component of nucleic acids

Front 32

Molecules are primarily held together by the formation of ionic and covalent bonds, however, weak H-bonds are critical in biological systems because of their role in

Back 32

* Causing water molecules to "stick" together

* Secondary and tertiary structure in proteins

Front 33

When water moves into a guard cell that surrounds a stomata, the stomata opens

Back 33

True

Front 34

Differentiations is a process in which

Back 34

Specialization of cellular function

Front 35

Coordinated sequences of biochemical reactions mediated by enzymes that produce all the key molecules required by cells are termed

Back 35

Metabolic pathways

Front 36

Mitochondria are associated with _________, while chloroplasts are associated with ______.

Back 36

Cellular respiration / Photosynthesis

Front 37

A structure that compartmentalizes specific molecules so a specific series of reactions can take place is termed

Back 37

An organelle

Front 38

Which of the following is the best description of membrane structure

Back 38

A lipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Front 39

Cell to cell interaction is aided by the structures we call ______ and ______

Back 39

pits / plasmadesmata

Front 40

The function of sclerenchyma and collenchyma cells is primarily

Back 40

Support of surrounding tissue

Front 41

A covalent bond is based on....

Back 41

The sharing of electrons between two atoms

Front 42

Hydrophilic molecules dissolve easily in water

Back 42

True

Front 43

An increase in plant size along the long axis (up and down) is the result of ______ activity, whereas an increase in plant size in diameter is the result of ______ activity.

Back 43

Apical meristem / Lateral meristem

Front 44

When dissolved in water, a covalent ______ while an ionic bond ________

Back 44

is unaffected / disassociates

Front 45

A tissue type that consists of a single cell type is

Back 45

a simple tissue

Front 46

Diffusion is a process in which molecules

Back 46

move passively from high to low concentration

Front 47

Best match:

Cell plate

Back 47

Cytokinesis

Front 48

Best match:

Nucleolus

Back 48

Ribosomes

Front 49

Best Match:

Metaphase

Back 49

Lining up of the chromosomes

Front 50

ATP can be considered as

Back 50

* The energy currency of the cell

* A product of the mitochondria

* A derivative of a nucleic acid

Front 51

Final Exam 2

Back 51

Final Exam 2

Front 52

The pedicel of a flower is analogous to:

Back 52

* The internode of a phytomere

* The petiole of a leaf

Front 53

The structure of a mature leaf is influenced by which of the following

Back 53

* the genetic characteristics of the plant

* the light level during leaf development

* the evolutionary history of the plant

* the availability of water during leaf development

Front 54

A flower that has only a carpel and petals is:

Back 54

imperfect and incomplete

Front 55

In a monocot stem the vascular bundles are _______ and within an individual vascular bundle the xylem tissue is towards _______

Back 55

scattered / inside

Front 56

Compared with sun leaves, shade leaves:

Back 56

are thicker

Front 57

In many cases roots form symbiotic interaction including:

Back 57

mycorrhizal interactions with fungi and bacterial interactions with Rhizobia

Front 58

The primary photosynthetic portion of the leaf is the:

Back 58

mesophyll cells

Front 59

Successful sexual reproduction in angiosperms require the two following processes to occur in sequence

Back 59

pollination and then fertilization

Front 60

Which of the following statements about spongy mesophyll is FALSE?

Back 60

It is part of the dermal tissue

Front 61

Fertilization of the polar nuclei produces a tissue called ______ that serves to ______

Back 61

endosperm / nourish the growing seed

Front 62

Megaspores are produced by ______ in the ______:

Back 62

meiosis / ovule

Front 63

Microsporocytes in the ______, form _______

Back 63

anther / haploid microspores

Front 64

Following successful sexual reproduction the ovary develops into the seeds while the ovule forms a protective layer

Back 64

False

Front 65

Lenticels function primarily in:

Back 65

gas exchange

Front 66

The portion of a carpel that encloses the ovules is the:

Back 66

Ovary

Front 67

The four primary leaf whorls, in order, from the base to the tip of the flower stalk are

Back 67

sepal / petal / stamen / carpel

Front 68

The degradation of the cell walls during leaf abscission occurs in the

Back 68

Separation layer

Front 69

Which of the following statements is TRUE:

Back 69

Angiosperms, unlike Conifers and Mosses, have flowers

Front 70

An inflorescence is

Back 70

a group of closely spaced flowers

Front 71

Which of the following statements about secondary growth is FALSE?

Back 71

Most monocots exhibit considerable secondary growth

Front 72

The fertile, or sexual, parts of a flower are the:

Back 72

carpels and anthers

Front 73

When a field has drained due to the force of gravity, the field is said to be

Back 73

at field capacity

Front 74

The zygote is formed by the fusion of the ______ and the _________

Back 74

sperm / egg

Front 75

The principal functions of the stem are:

Back 75

conduction and support

Front 76

Plant "generations" can be divided into sporophyte and gametophyte. The key function of the gametophyte is to

Back 76

form gametes

Front 77

Unlike the leaves of most dicots, most monocot leaves

Back 77

have parallel venation

Front 78

This is a cross section of a _______ in a _________

Back 78

root / dicot

Front 79

Microscope Slide:

The tissue denoted by the letter A, is the _______ tissue and contains the storage polysaccharide _________

Back 79

cortex / startch

Front 80

Microscope slide:

The structure identified by the tip of the pointer and labeled "B" is called the

Back 80

Caspian strip

Front 81

The style connects the ____ to the _____

Back 81

ovary / stigma

Front 82

A stem with a ring of distinct vascular bundles is most likely a

Back 82

Dicot

Front 83

In most dicot leaves generally consist of a _____ and a _____

Back 83

blade / petiole

Front 84

In most dicot stems, phloem differentiates toward the _______ and xylem differentiates toward the _______

Back 84

outside / center

Front 85

Unlike indeterminate growth, determinate growth is

Back 85

characteristic of floral apices

Front 86

A runner is different from a rhizome in that a stolon:

Back 86

grows above ground

Front 87

A succulent leaf is one that is specialized for

Back 87

water storage

Front 88

Branch roots arise from a layer called the ______ and push out through the root cortex

Back 88

pericycle

Front 89

In a leaf, the phloem is found

Back 89

on the lower side of the vascular bundle

Front 90

In winter, the rays in the xylem that are composed of ______ cells serve to _______

Back 90

parenchyma / store resources

Front 91

A monoecious species has:

Back 91

male and female flowers on the same plant

Front 92

Hardwood is the name given to wood:

Back 92

woods with abundant fibers

Front 93

Plants that are characterized as xerophytes:

Back 93

are adapted to dry habitats

Front 94

Successful transfer of the female gametophyte to the stigma is called _______

Back 94

pollination

Front 95

The male gametophyte, the ______, is much smaller than the female gametophyte that has _______

Back 95

pollen / 8 nuclei and 7 cells

Front 96

As the seed develops, the ovary wall develops into the:

Back 96

fruit

Front 97

Which of the following is NOT part of a phytomere?

Back 97

Apical meristem

Front 98

A cactus spine represents a modified __________ and assists in the _______ of water loss.

Back 98

leaf / reduction

Front 99

Examination of a phytomere would reveal a _______ located immediately above the leaf petiole:

Back 99

axillary bud

Front 100

Plants that grow completely submerged under water have leaves with:

Back 100

stomata only on the upper surface

Front 101

Growing seasons with favorable environmental conditions produce narrower growth rings than seasons with unfavorable conditions

Back 101

False

Front 102

Exam 3

Back 102

Exam 3

Front 103

The enzyme responsible for the addition of a CO2 molecule onto a five carbon RuBP molecule is

Back 103

Rubisco

Front 104

Glycolysis is considered one of the earliest forms of cellular respiration, it occurs in the ________ and generates _________

Back 104

cytoplasm / little ATP

Front 105

The climacteric is the phase in which fruits undergo a(n) __________ stimulated by _________

Back 105

increase in respiration / ethylene

Front 106

In a leaf cell during the day it is both respiring and photosynthesizing at the same time

Back 106

True

Front 107

The process of photorespiration is considered detrimental to plant growth because it

Back 107

releases CO2 and consumes ATP

Front 108

Plants take up water from the environment by

Back 108

osmosis down a concentration gradient

Front 109

Energetically, we can think of energy moving in small "packets" (the energy $1 bill) like _______ and larger "packets" (the energy $10 bill) like _________

Back 109

ATP / NADH/NADPH

Front 110

When a field has drained due to the force of gravity, the field is said to be

Back 110

at field capacity

Front 111

When a leaf wilts, the leaf cells most likely have already plasmolyze due to increased turgor pressure

Back 111

False

Front 112

An adaptive trait is one that

Back 112

* enhances the capability of an organism to produce more children

* permits the organism to catch more food

* to better be able to protect itself

* to attract more mates

Front 113

In plant cells when oxygen is absent, pyruvate produced by _______ is converted into _______ during which a single molecule of CO2 is released

Back 113

glycolysis / ethanol

Front 114

All of the following pieces require energy except

Back 114

water uptake

Front 115

Diffusion is a process in which molecules

Back 115

move passively from high to low concentration

Front 116

In the process of "crossing over" genetic material is exchanged between different maternal chromosomes

Back 116

False

Front 117

Which of the following statements about solute movement in cells is FALSE?

Back 117

Diffusion is an effective way to move substances between distantly separated cells

Front 118

Cell metabolism [cellular respiration (glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and electron transport) and photosynthesis (Calvin cycle and electron transport)] is

Back 118

part of a complex system that builds and / or degrades all organic molecules

Front 119

The great majority of water required by plants is used in the process of

Back 119

transpiration

Front 120

Matching:

The location of chlorophyll

Back 120

Thylakoid membrane

Front 121

The location where carbohydrates are produced

Back 121

Stroma

Front 122

ATP formed in the mitochondria and the chloroplast is synthesized through the activity of

Back 122

electron transport systems

Front 123

As a grower you have had your water ration reduced by 80%. Assuming equal productivity, which of the following photosynthetic pathways might you choose to make the best use of water for growing your crop?

Back 123

CAM pathway

Front 124

Which of the following might be considered "true" with respect to asexual plant reproduction

Back 124

* energetically inexpensive

* preserves adapted genotypes

* a variety of structures can be used for asexual reproduction

* it preserves well-adapted genotypes

Front 125

Broadly photosynthesis can be considered

Back 125

the capture of solar energy by electrons that is stored in the bonds of a sugar

Front 126

In plasmolysis

Back 126

water leaves the cell and turgor pressure decreases

Front 127

A plant that is highly hydrated has guard cells that are ______ and stomata that are ________

Back 127

turgid / open

Front 128

Which of the following processes is NOT generally considered associated with water movement

Back 128

the taking up of nutrients by the roots

Front 129

A CAM plant differs from a C4 plant in the following way(s)

Back 129

* it grows more slowly

* the stomata are open at night

* acids are accumulated in the vacuole

* it uses less water

Front 130

The unique structure of leaves with mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells is characteristic of leaves of

Back 130

C4 plants

Front 131

In evaluating phloem and water transport, water is _________ up by transpiration plants, whereas sugars are ________ from source to sink

Back 131

pulled / pushed

Front 132

If a plant has a diploid chromosome number of 60, how many chromosomes are present in its gametes?

Back 132

30

Front 133

Genetic variability in gametes (eggs and sperm) is created by which of the following

Back 133

crossing-over and independent assortment

Front 134

The formation of roots on a shoot cutting placed in a glass of water is largely due to the action of

Back 134

auxin

Front 135

Cytokinins are most closely associated with the regulation of

Back 135

the cell cycle

Front 136

Nutrient uptake is performed by

Back 136

membrane proteins

Front 137

If a particular genotype is poorly adapted to surviving in its particular environment it might be preferable to

Back 137

reproduce asexually

Front 138

All plant hormones:

Back 138

communicate information

Front 139

In tissue culture, the formation of both roots and shoots require a careful balance between

Back 139

auxins and cytokinins

Front 140

In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis the actual energy present in an absorbed photon of light tis captured as chemical energy in molecules of

Back 140

ATP / NADPH

Front 141

Producing new genetic combinations is evolutionarily important because

Back 141

It may produce well-adabped genotypes

Front 142

Re-formation of vascular tissue following wounding and root formation in tissue cuttings are associated with

Back 142

auxins

Front 143

turgor pressure results most directly from:

Back 143

water moving into a cell by osmosis

Front 144

Most hormones and external signals that affect last growth and physiology do so by:

Back 144

controlling gene action

Front 145

The "loading" of sugars into the phloem prior to transport occurs:

Back 145

in any source (e.g. leaves) and requires energy

Front 146

Different versions of the same gene (e.g., red flower color vs. white flower color) are termed

Back 146

Alleles

Front 147

In apical dominance, the apical bud:

Back 147

inhibits the growth of lateral buds

Front 148

Photorespiration occurs when

Back 148

Rubisco adds O2 to RuBP

Front 149

C4 plants have lower photorespiratory rates than C3 plants because

Back 149

CO2 is concentrated around rubisco in the bundle sheath cells

Front 150

Bolting is the process of _______ stimulated by ________

Back 150

stem elongation / gibberellin

Front 151

The sensing of the seasons is accomplished by the molecule ________. This molecule controls biological responses based on the concentration of the ________ form.

Back 151

phytochrome / far red

Front 152

A "positive" tropism indicates that a plant structure will grow towards the stimulus

Back 152

True