Plant Bio Test 2

Front 1

starch

Back 1

Polysaccharide
Polymer of glucose

Front 2

Functions of Carbohydrates (2)

Back 2

1. Source of energy (used or stored)
2. Provides structure

Front 3

Types of lipids (4)

Back 3

1. Fats and Oils
2. Waxes
3. Phospholipid
4. Sterols

Front 4

Fats vs Oils

Back 4

Fats=saturated (solid)
Oils=unsaturated (liquid)
Both: glycerol + 3 fatty acid tails

Front 5

Waxes

Back 5

Used to waterproof cells
Suberin (tree bark) and Cutin (leaf)

Front 6

Phospholipids

Back 6

Found in all membranes
Glycerol + phosphate group + 2 fatty acid tails

Front 7

Proteins

Back 7

Polymer of amino acids linked by a peptide bond (dehydration)
1. Structure
2. Controls chem reactions (enzymes)

Front 8

Protein Structure

Back 8

1. Primary: chain of amino acids
2. Secondary: alpha helix. Charges from amino acids form H-bonds
3. Tertiary: helix folds more to create 3-D shape. DETERMINES FXN!
4. Quaternary: found in some proteins, 3* bonded to another

Front 9

Nucleic Acids

Back 9

Polymer of nucleotides composed of:
1. Phosphate Group
2. Carbon sugar (C5H10O5)
3. Nitrogeneous Base

Front 10

DNA Components

Back 10

1. Phosphate group
2. C5H10O4 (missing an O)
3. Base: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine

Front 11

RNA Components

Back 11

1. Phosphate group
2. C5H10O5 (normal)
3. Base: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil

Front 12

What bases bond together? What kind on bond?

Back 12

A = T (double bond)
C = G/U (triple bond)

Front 13

Who discovered the double helix?

Back 13

Crick and Watson

Front 14

Rosalind Franklin

Back 14

x-ray crystallographs

Front 15

Lision Pauling

Back 15

Competed w/ Crick and Watson

Front 16

Helicase

Back 16

unzips DNA strand

Front 17

DNA Polymerase

Back 17

Forms new side to DNA strand after it is unzipped

Front 18

Types of RNA

Back 18

1. Ribosomel RNA
2. Messenger RNA
3. Transfer RNA

Front 19

Protein Synthesis Prokaryotes

Back 19

Transcription (DNA to RNA)
Transplation (assembles amino acids)

Front 20

Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotes

Back 20

1. Translation
2. RNA splicing (mRNA)
3. Translation

Front 21

Meiosis

Back 21

Division of the nucleus (diploid chromosomes divided into hapliod)

Front 22

Haploid

Back 22

1/2 of chromosomes (n=23 in humans)

Front 23

Diploid

Back 23

1 set of homologous pair of chromosomes (2n=46 in humans)

Front 24

Syngamy

Back 24

Fusion of two haploid (gamete) cells to form a zygote

Front 25

Phases of Meiosis

Back 25

1. Prophase I
2. Metaphase !
3. Anaphase I
4. Telophase I
5. repeat

Front 26

Prophase I

Back 26

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Nuclear envelope and nucleoli disappear
Chromosomes pair w/ homologous pair and undergo crossing over

Front 27

When does crossing over occur?

Back 27

Prophase I

Front 28

Metaphase I

Back 28

Spindle fibers from
Chromosomes line up in pairs (independent assortment)

Front 29

When does independent assortment occur?

Back 29

Metaphase I

Front 30

Anaphase I

Back 30

Spindle fibers pull chromosome pairs apart

Front 31

Telophase I

Back 31

Spindles disappear
Chromosomes unwind
Envelope appears

Front 32

Synapsis

Back 32

Pairing of homologous pairs

Front 33

Allele

Back 33

alternate forms of a gene for one trait

Front 34

locus

Back 34

gene's location on chromosome

Front 35

Law of Unit Characters

Back 35

Inherited traits are controlled by genes that occur in pairs (no blending theory)

Front 36

Law of Dominance

Back 36

One trait may be dominate and mask the other

Front 37

Law of Segregation

Back 37

Genes separate during sexual resulting in 1 gene from each parent. Zygote will have 1 from each.

Front 38

Law of Independent Assortment

Back 38

Genes are inherited independently of one another

Front 39

What is the purpose of respiration?

Back 39

To break down sugars into chemical energy in ATP

Front 40

The equation for aerobic respiration

Back 40

C6H12O6 +6O2 +36 ADP + 36Pi = 6CO2 +6 H2O +36 ATP + heat

Front 41

Equation for Anaerobic Respiration

Back 41

C6H12O6 + 2ADP + 2Pi = 2C2H5OH +2CO2 +2ATP + heat

Front 42

What are the steps of Cellular Respiration?

Back 42

1. Glycolysis. Glucose into pyruvate in cytoplasm. ATP is released
2. Krebs Cycle. Pyruvate enters mitochondria matrix and continues to break down. ATP is released.
3. Electron Transport Chain. Electrons enter mitochondria cristae. Attaches to O, which attracts to H, making H2O. ATP is released

Front 43

What is the equation for Photosynthesis?

Back 43

6 CO2 + 12 H2O = C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H20

Front 44

Jan Baptista Van Helmont

Back 44

Believed water and a gas made plants grow, not soil.

Front 45

Joseph Priestley

Back 45

Proved gas-exchange in bell-jar experiment

Front 46

Jan Ingenhousz

Back 46

Expanded Bell-jar experiment. Discovered plants need both light and chlorophyll

Front 47

Purpose of Light Reaction

Back 47

Turns light into ATP and NADP

Front 48

Purpose of Dark Reactions

Back 48

Uses ATP to fix carbon into glucose

Front 49

Where do light reactions happen?

Back 49

Thylakoid membranes

Front 50

Where do dark reactions happen?

Back 50

Stroma