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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hunter-Gatherer -> Agriculture Hypotheses
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Religion
Population Pressure Genius Gradual Learning Climate Change |
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Centers of Diversity:
China |
Soybean
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Centers of Diversity:
India |
Eggplant
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Centers of Diversity:
Central Asian |
Carrot
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Centers of Diversity:
Near East |
Pear
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Centers of Diversity:
Mediterranean Sea |
Pea, Olive
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Centers of Diversity:
Ethiopia |
Sorghum
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Centers of Diversity:
Southern Mexico + Middle America |
Maize
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Northeastern South America
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Tomato
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Domestication Syndrome
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Larger Fruits
More robust plants Determinate growth or increased apical dominance Loss of natural seed dispersal Fewer fruits per plant Loss of seed dormancy |
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Genetics
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Study of inheritance and variation among organisms.
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Gene
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Carries information from one generation to next.
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Locus
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specific place on a chromosome where a gene is located.
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Allele
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One of the different forms of a gene that can exist at a single locus
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Central Dogma
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DNA > RNA > Protein
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Silent Mutations
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Do not alter amino acid specified
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Missense
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Replaces one amino acid with another
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Nonsense Mutation
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Changes an amino-acid-specifying codon to a stop codon.
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Frameshift
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Insertion or deletion of nucleotides within the coding sequence
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Genotype
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Sum total of all the alleles at all the loci in an organism
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Phenotype
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External and observable expression of the genes
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Hermaphrodite
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Bisexual Reproductive Units
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Monoecious
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Both male and female reproductive units on the same plant
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Dioecious
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Plant population having separate male and female plants
(kiwi, asparagus) |
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Polygamy
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All three types on one plant
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Subdioecious
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different combinations of male, female, and perfect flowers
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Who pollinates the perfect flower?
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Cleistogamy (closed flower) + Chasmogamy (open flower)
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Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL)
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Genomic regions associated with quantitative traits of interest. (Oil content, sugar, branching, yield in wheat)
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Transcription Factors
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Protein other than RNA Polymerase that is required for transcription
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Transcription Factors Functions
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>Bind to RNA Polymerase
>Bind another transcription factor >Bind to cis-acting DNA sequences |
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Pleiotropy
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Single gene determining a number of distinct and seemingly unrelated characteristics.
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O. Sativa consists of two major varietal groups
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Indica and Japonica
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Aneuploidy
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One or more chromosomes of the normal set are absent or present in excess.
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Haploidy
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Half the normal chromosomes set
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Polyploidy
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More than two sets of homologous chromosomes.
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Result of polyploidy
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1. increased nucleus and cell size
2. slower growth rate 3. increased heterozygosity 4. redundant gene copies 5. overall extra copies |
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Colchicine
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Drug that blocks chromosome separation during mitosis
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