Plant Bio

Front 1

Are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Back 1

Eukaryotic

Front 2

What ploidy are fungi

Back 2

haploid

Front 3

Are fungi hetertrophic or autotrophic

Back 3

heterotrophic

Front 4

how to fungi feed

Back 4

by secreting a digestive enzyme into surrounding and then absorbing the nutrients

Front 5

what is the study of fungi

Back 5

mycology

Front 6

Most fungi are _______

Back 6

decomposers

Front 7

Parasitic fungi can cause

Back 7

athletes foot

Front 8

What is an important role of fungi

Back 8

put nitrogen back into the soil in a usable form for other organisms such as plants

Front 9

Are fungi motile or non-motile

Back 9

non-motile, produce spores but are not flagellated

Front 10

Do fungi reproduce sexually or asexually

Back 10

both asexually or sexually through spores, dispersed mainly by wind

Front 11

What are fungi cell walls composed of

Back 11

chitin

Front 12

Are fungi only multicellular

Back 12

no they range from unicellualr to multicellular

Front 13

what is a hyphae

Back 13

a tissue like aggregation, branched in fungi

Front 14

what is a mycelium

Back 14

network of hyphae

Front 15

septate

Back 15

cross walls that divide hyphae into compartments, "cells"

Front 16

non-septate

Back 16

coenocytic, nuclei float freely in cytoplasm

Front 17

dikaryotic

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two nuclei in cell

Front 18

How many phyla/divisions are in kingdom fungi

Back 18

5

Front 19

sporocarp

Back 19

also known as the fruiting body, a multicellular structure on which spore producing structures are borne

Front 20

Name the 5 phyla of kingdom fungi

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zygomycota
ascomycota
basidiomycota
deutermycota
chytridiomycota

Front 21

true or false: majority of fungi live above ground

Back 21

false

Front 22

Zygomycota are mostly ________ living in soil. Some are __________ and some have ___________ with plants

Back 22

decomposers; parasitic ; mutualistic relationships (symbionts)

Front 23

Zygomycota fungi are non-septate or septate

Back 23

non-septate

Front 24

what is the polidy of zygomycota

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haploid

Front 25

septa

Back 25

reproductive structures only produced during reproduction

Front 26

what is an example of a zygomycota, common and scientific name

Back 26

black bread mold, rhizopus stolonifer

Front 27

During asexual reproduction of Rhizopus what are the spores called and they are formed within the ___________

Back 27

sporangiophores; sporangia

Front 28

During asexual reproduction of Rhizopus what ploidy are the hyphae

Back 28

haploid

Front 29

Sexual reproduction of Rhizopus is heterothallic or homothallic

Back 29

heterothallic

Front 30

heterothallic

Back 30

when two opposite mating types come in contact (- and +)

Front 31

gametangia must fuse to form

Back 31

zygospore

Front 32

gametangia are ___ploid while zygospores are ____ ploid

Back 32

haploid; diploid

Front 33

for Rhizopus what occurs directly after the fusing of the two gametangia

Back 33

A diploid zygote forms and meiosis begins immediately after producing 4 haploid spores

Front 34

why is the common name for Rizopus stolonifer black bread mold

Back 34

This is because the zygote is black

Front 35

What does the phylum Ascomycota include

Back 35

yeasts, edible morels and truffles

Front 36

Bread rises because of what

Back 36

CO2

Front 37

Ascomycota are symbionts with _______ specifically with ______

Back 37

plants; the root systems

Front 38

Are ascomycota septate or coenocytic?

Back 38

septate with perforations (pores)

Front 39

What type of food is sniffed out by pigs and dogs? Is it valuable?

Back 39

Truffles; yes they are $200 a pound

Front 40

What is an example of Ascomycota, common and scientific name

Back 40

Black Morel, Morchella elata

Front 41

Aleuria rhenana

Back 41

False orange peel

Front 42

the defining feature of the ascomycota is the

Back 42

ascus

Front 43

ascus

Back 43

a sexual structure in which non-motile sexual structures called ascospores are produced

Front 44

Are Ascomycota asexual or sexual

Back 44

both

Front 45

Asexual reproduction in ascomycota

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special hyphae produce canidiophores --> conidia

Front 46

For Ascomycota is sexual reproduction heterthallic or homothallic

Back 46

heterthallic

Front 47

The fruiting body of the Ascomycota is called

Back 47

ascocarp

Front 48

What is the maximum number of ascospores present in an ascus

Back 48

8

Front 49

what is the name given to the spore when + and - fungal strains fuse

Back 49

zygospore

Front 50

a large cell that contains many nuclei

Back 50

coenocyte

Front 51

Plasmogamy

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the fusion of two hyphae

Front 52

karyogamy

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the fusion of two nuclei

Front 53

Yeasts are mostly

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unicellular ascomycetes but some are multicellular basidiomycetes

Front 54

Yeasts reproduce asexually by

Back 54

budding

Front 55

Yeasts reproduce sexually by

Back 55

ascospores

Front 56

which yeast is used for beer making?

Back 56

Saccharomyces

Front 57

yeast infections are caused by

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Candida albicans

Front 58

What is in the phylum Basidiomycota

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mushrooms and toadstools

Front 59

Is chytridiomycota multicellular or unicellular

Back 59

mostly unicelluar

Front 60

what types of environments are chytridiomycota in

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mostly in water, moist but some are terrestrial in soil

Front 61

Through asexual reproduction chrtridiomycota produce

Back 61

flagellated zoospores produced in a single cell

Front 62

zoosporangium give rise to

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chytrids

Front 63

What era were the first non-vascular plants in

Back 63

mid-ordovician

Front 64

what era were the first vascular plants in

Back 64

late-ordivican/ early silurian

Front 65

what are vascular plants believed to have derived from

Back 65

charophycean, green algal ancestor

Front 66

Non-vascular plants lack

Back 66

xylem and phloem

Front 67

name the three phyla of non-vascular plants

Back 67

mosses, liver warts, horn warts

Front 68

what phylum are mosses

Back 68

bryophyta

Front 69

Non-vascular plants exhibit alternation of generations

Back 69

a haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte

Front 70

Doctrine of Signatures

Back 70

use plants or parts of plants that resemble human parts body parts to cure ailments in that part of the body

Front 71

what is required to alternate generations

Back 71

meiosis

Front 72

liverworts are believed to treat

Back 72

liver ailments

Front 73

Fossil liverwart was discovered in what year from what era

Back 73

2008, Devonian (New York)

Front 74

Liverwarts are a sister group to what

Back 74

vascular plants

Front 75

Liverwart spores discovered in what year from what era and in what country

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2010, Middle Ordovician , Argentina

Front 76

Moss gametophyte ploidy

Back 76

haploid

Front 77

moss gametophyte is made up of a stem like structure called __________ which lacks a _________ and _________

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caulid, cuticle and stomata

Front 78

in mosses H20 is absorbed through the

Back 78

cauild and phyllids

Front 79

in moss gametophytes what are responsible for anchorage

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rhizoids

Front 80

what are phyllids

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leaf like structures on moss gametophytes that lack stomata

Front 81

hydriods

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conducting cells which conduct water and minerals lack protoplast and secondary wall

Front 82

leptoids

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conduct photosynthesis, lack nucleus but have a protoplast

Front 83

moss gametophyte is made up of only what type of cells

Back 83

parenchyma

Front 84

most mosses lack conducting cells which are

Back 84

hydroids, leptoids

Front 85

moss gametophyte what produces the sperm

Back 85

antherida

Front 86

moss gametophyte what produces the egg

Back 86

archegonia

Front 87

moss sporophyte is what ploidy

Back 87

diploid

Front 88

moss sporophyte are nutritionally dependent on

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gametophyta

Front 89

in moss sporophyte what allows the transport of nutrients

Back 89

foot

Front 90

do moss sporophytes contain stomata

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yes

Front 91

what did land plants evolve from

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green algae !!!!

Front 92

vascular plants contain

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xylem and phloem

Front 93

true or false vascular plants are only seedless

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false, they can be seedless or seed plants

Front 94

name the types of seedless plants

Back 94

ferns, whisk ferns, ground pines, spike mosses, quillworts, horsetails

Front 95

what phylum are ferns in

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polypodiophyta

Front 96

seedless vascular plants exhibit alternation of generation from what to what

Back 96

sporophyte to gametophyte

Front 97

name the five different types of seed plants

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conifers, ginkgo, cycads, gnetophytes, flowering plants

Front 98

Ginkgo biloba is found in what country

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china

Front 99

phylum gnetophyta is what type of vascular plant, seed or seedless and what is classified in it

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seed plant, ephedra which is used for weight loss

Front 100

gymnosperm

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meaning naked seed, not enclosed in fruit, not flowering

Front 101

what is the oldest micro fossil remain of vascular plants

Back 101

cooksonia

Front 102

do cooksonia contain vascular tissue

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some do some do not

Front 103

cooksonia is restricted to what types of habitats

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areas around lakes

Front 104

ll cooksonia exhibit __________ branching

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dichotomous

Front 105

algaophyton major is from what era

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early devonian

Front 106

what are the leaves of fern sporophytes called

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fronds

Front 107

what leaf arrangement do sporophyte ferns have

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pinnately compound

Front 108

in sporophyte ferns sexual reproduction occurs where

Back 108

underside of leaves

Front 109

gametophyte ferns lack ______ but have ______

Back 109

vascular tissue but have rhizoids

Front 110

Homosporous

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1 type of spore produced

Front 111

hetersporous

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2 types of spores produced

Front 112

megaspore

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female gametophyte

Front 113

microspore

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male gametophyte

Front 114

prophyll

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leaf lacking vascular tissue

Front 115

microphyll

Back 115

leaf which has a single unbranched vascular bundle

Front 116

megaphyll

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leaf which has branching vasculature

Front 117

sporophylls may be aggregated together to form _________

Back 117

cones or strobili