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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carbon and Energy Source options |
Photoautotrophs and Heterotrophs |
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Photoautotrophs |
Carbon source is CO2 Energy source is sunlight Photosynthesis and respiration |
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Heterotrophs |
Carbon and energy source is food (autotrophs and heterotrophs) Just respiration |
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Photosynthesis |
Energy-storing pathway Releases O2 Require CO2 |
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Aerobic respiration |
Energy-releasing pathway Requires O2 Releases CO2 |
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Photoautotroph examples |
Plants, some bacteria, many protistans |
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Photosynthesis equation |
6 CO2 + 12 H2O -Light and plant enzymes-> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O |
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Chlorophylls |
chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the main light harnessing pigments in most photoautotrophs Absorb purple-blue and orange wavelenths |
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Accessory pigments |
Carotenoids, phycobilins, anthocyanins, absorb the blue, green, and yellow wavelengths |
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Chloroplasts |
organelle, structure is similar to a bacteria, reminiscent of our mitochondria. Converts sunlight to sugar |
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Stoma |
allow exchange of air and water vapor |
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Veins |
transport water, nutrients and products |
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Net photosynthesis |
Photosynthysis-respiration measured in moles CO2 per leaf unit area per time |
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Light Compensation point (LCP) |
rate of net photosynthesis 0 point of production where the basic needs of the plant are being met but no more. The break even point, if you will |
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saturation point |
full output, all leaves are producing as much as physically possible |
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Photoinhibition |
the point at which production of gluclose declines because there is too much light |
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Xylem |
transports water and dissolved ions up the plant |
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Phloem |
brings sugar down |
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Turgor pressure |
water pressure in the plant that keeps it upright |
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water conservation |
boundary layer, cuticle, guard cells closing stomata |
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cuticle |
important water-saving adaptation, impermeable layer (to water and gases) |
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Guard cells |
boarder stomata, can open and close (K+) |
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Transpiration |
movement of water up through plant and into the atmosphere through the stomata driven by transpiration and water potential |
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Water potential |
Osmotic potential, turgor pressure, matric potential water moves from higher to lower potential soil > roots > plant stem > leaves > atmosphere |
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Osmotic potential |
water potental due to different solute concentration in cells, salts and stuff in the plant, but not as much as in the soil and more than in the air driving transpiration |
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Matric potential |
water potental due to attractive forces of cell walls |
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Trade offs |
The more specialized your evolve to be the less competative you are overall |
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Drought tolerance |
comes with overall less photosynthesis production |
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Shade tolerance |
low photosynthetic output, less competitive |
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Phenotypic plasticity |
Leaf size/shape/color varies depending on light conditions |
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Boundary Layer |
layer of still air that exists around a leaf, water loss through stomata increases humidity decreasing transpiration rate, shape and texture of leaf affects airflow and therefore boundary layer |
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When to increase boundary layer |
dry climate, desert |
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When to decrease boundary layer |
wet climate, tropics |
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How to increase boundary layer |
Hair, no sinuses, large size |
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How to decrease boundary layer |
serrations, big sinuses, compound leaves or small leaves |
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C3 plants and adaptations |
Standard plant (95%) Stomata close, O2 increases, CO2 drops |
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C3, C4, CAM plants |
use different means of carbon fixation depending on the evironment |
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C4 plants and adaptations |
CO2 is fixed twice, using mesophyll cells and bundle-sheath cells, then again in Calvin-Benson cycle. Separates O2, so better able to handle dryer climates ex: sugar cane |
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CAM plants |
True desert plants, separates light dependent and independent reactions by day and night. Day CO2 released and fixed in Calvin-Benson cycle Night CO2 fixed to form organic acids |
