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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did William Penn do in 1682?
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Laid out the City of Philadelphia in a grid pattern with five public squares to serve the populace in his "holy experiment"
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What is the Report on Manufactures (1791)?
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Alexander Hamilton argued for protective tariffs for manufacturing industry as a means of promoting industrial development
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What is the American System?
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A plan proposed by Henry Clay in 1818 to allocated federal funds to promote the development of the national economic by combining tariffs with internal improvements, such as roads, canals and other waterways
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What was completed in 1825 and what was its significance?
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Erie Canal, an artificial waterway connecting the northeastern states with the newly settled areas of what was then the West
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What is the National Road?
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A road from Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois that helped open the Ohio Valley to settlers (begun in 1811- terminated in 1839)
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What was built in Manhattan in 1855?
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First model tenement
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What did the new York Council of Hygiene of the Citizens Association do in 1864?
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Mount a campaign to raise housing and sanitary standards
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What did Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux begin in 1868?
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The planning of Riverside Illinois, a planned suburban community stressing rural as opposed to urban amenities
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What happened at Promontory Point, Utah in 1869?
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The Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads met to complete the first transcontinental railroad
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What book by John Wesley Powell was published in 1878 and what was its significance?
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Report on the Lands of the Arid Region of the United States, which included a proposed regional plan that would both foster settlement of the arid west and conserve scarce resources
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What book by Henry George was published in 1879?
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Progress and Poverty, presents an argument for diminishing extremes of national wealth and poverty by means of single tax on land that would capture the unearned increment of national development for public uses
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What type of tenement debuted in 1879?
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the Dumbbell Tenement, a form of multifamily housing widely built in NYC until the end of the century, notorious for poor living conditions it imposed
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What was the significance of the US Geological Survey (1879)
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It surveyed and classified all public domain lands
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What did George Pullman build in 1880-84?
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Pullman, IL, a model industrial town
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What was published by Jacob Riis in 1890?
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How the Other Half Lives, a powerful stimulus to housing and neighborhood reform
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What is the significance of the Sierra Club (founded in 1892)?
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It was founded by John Muir to promote the protection and preservation of the natural environment
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What significant event occurred in 1893 in Chicago?
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The World's Columbian Exposition, a source of the City Beautiful movement and of the urban planning profession
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What was published by Ebenezer Howard in 1898 and what is its significance?
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Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform, a source of the Garden City Movement
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Who became Chief Forester of the US Dept of Agriculture in 1898 and what did he do?
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Gifford Pinchot, publicized the cause of forest conservation
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What was Letchworth (1903)?
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The first English Garden City and a stimulus to the New Town Movement in the US (Greenbelt Towns, Columbia)
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What was the New York Committee on the Congestion of Population (1907)
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Led by Benjamin Marsh, it fostered a movement to decentralize New York's dense population
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What was the White House Conservation Conference (1908)
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When state governors, federal officials, and leading scientists assembled to deliberate about the conservation of natural resources
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What major landmark for the planning profession occurred in 1909?
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First National Conference on City Planning in Washington, DC
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What did Daniel Burnham publish in 1909?
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The Plan of Chicago, the first metropolitan plan in the US
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What did Harvard offer for the first time in 1909?
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A course on city planning, taught by James Sturgis Pray
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What did Frederick Winslow Taylor publish in 1911?
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The Principles of Scientific Management, the fountainhead of the efficiency movements in the US, including efficiency in city gov
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What was adopted as a eighth grade textbook by the Chicago Board of Ed in 1912?
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Walter Moody's Wacker's Manual of the Plan of Chicago, the first formal instruction in city planning below college level
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What was created for Charles Mulford Robinson, one of the principal promoters of the Columbian Exposition, in 1913?
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A chair in Civic Design, the first of its kind, at the University of Illinois
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What did Flavel Shurtleff publish in 1914?
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Carrying Out the City Plan, the first major textbook on city planning
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What major engineering project was completed in 1914?
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Panama Canal
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Who become the first full-time employee of a city planning commission in 1914?
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Harland Bartholomew, Newark, NJ
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What was Patrick Geddes know as, and who did he mentor?
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Father of Regional Planning, Lewis Mumford
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What did Patrick Geddes publish in 1915
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Cities in Evolution
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What was Edward Bassett known as?
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The Father of Zoning
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What did the New York City Board of Estimates adopt in 1916
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The nation's first comprehensive zoning resolution
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What did Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. become the president of in 1917?
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The American City Planning Institute
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What three unifunctional regional authorities combined to form the Boston Metropolitan District Commission in 1919?
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The Metro Sewerage Commission, the Metro Water Board and the Metro Park Commission
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What did New Orleans designate in 1921 (the first of its kind)?
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The Vieux Carre Commission (historic Preservation)
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What was inaugurated in 1922 under Thomas Adams?
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Regional Plan of New York
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What was created in LA in 1922 (first of its kind)
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LA County Regional Planning Commission
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What is the significance of Mariemont, OH (1923)
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Features foreshadow the contemporary New Urbanism movement
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What planned neighborhood was designed by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright and built by the City Housing Corporation in Queens, New York in 1924-28?
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Sunnyside Gardens
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What did Survey Graphic publish in 1925?
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The Regional Plan issue, featuring articles by Lewis Mumford, etc
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What did Cincinnati become the first major city to do in 1925?
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Endorse a comprehensive plan (developed by Alfred Bettman)
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What was Ernest Burgess's model of urban structure and land use called (1925)?
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Concentric Zone model
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What did the America City Planning Institute publish in 1925?
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Vol 1, No. 1 of City Planning, ancestor of present-day Journal of the American Planning Association
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What's the name of the planned community inspired by Howard's Garden City concept and designed by Stein and Wright (1928)?
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Radburn, NJ- forerunner of New Deal's Greenbelt towns
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What was the focus of Clarence's Perry's essay in Volume VII of the Regional Survey of New York and its Environs?
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The Neighborhood Unit
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What event occurred in 1929 that ushered in the Great Depression and fostered ideas of public planning on a national scale?
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Stock market crash
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What conference convened in Chicago in 1931 which brought together 300 agricultural experts to deliberate on rural recovery programs and natural resource conservation?
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The National Land Utilization Conference
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What was established in 1932 to shore up shaky home financing institutions?
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Federal Home Loan Bank System
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What was established in 1932 to revive economic activity by extending financial aid to failing financial, institutional and agricultural institutions?
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The Reconstruction Finance Corporation
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What program began in 1933 with the inauguration of FDR?
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New Deal
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What was established in 1933 to save homeowners facing loss through foreclosure?
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Home Owners Loan Corporation
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What was established in the Interior Dept in 1933 to assist in the preparation of a comp plan for public works?
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National Planning Board
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What was established in 1933 to provide work for unemployed youth and conserve the nation's resources?
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Civilian Conservation Corps
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What was established in 1933 to organize relief work in urban and rural areas?
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Federal Emergency Relief Administration
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What was established in 1935 under Rexford Tugwell to carry out experiments in land reform and population resettlement and what did it build?
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Resettlement Adminstration, built Greenbelt, MD, Greendale, WI and Greenhills, OH- forerunners of present day New Towns
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What did the National Resources Committee publish in 1935
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Regional Factors in National Planning
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What project on the Colorado River was completed in 1936 and what was its significance?
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The Hoover Dam, which created and sustained population growth and industrial development in Nevada, Cali and AZ
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What landmark report by the Urbanism Committee of the National Resources Committee was published in 1937?
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Our Cities: Their Role in the National Economy
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What Homer Hoyt theory of urban growth appears in his publication The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities?
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Sector Theory
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What did Ladislas Segoe publish in 1941, the first of the Green Book series?
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Local Planning Administration
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What did Robert Walker publish in 1941?
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Planning Function in Urban Goverment
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What was created as part of the 1944 Bretton Woods agreement?
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The World Bank
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What did Secretary Marshall propose in a Harvard Commencement address for the reconstruction on postwar Europe (1947)?
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The Marshall plan
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What was created and chartered by Congress in 1949?
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The National Trust for Historic Preservation
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What movement began in Detroit in 1954 with the formation of a Supervisors' Inter-County Committee?
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The Council of Government (COGS) movement
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What did F. Stuart Chapin publish in 1957?
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Urban Land Use Planning
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What did Harvey Perloff publish in 1957?
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Education for Planning
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What did A. Guttenberg publish in 1959, which was the first approach to the definition of land-use classifications in multidimensional terms?
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A Multiple Land Use Classification System
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What joint US-Canada project completed in 1959 created a fourth North American seacoast?
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The St. Lawrence Seaway
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What was published by Kevin Lynch in 1960 and what was its significance?
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Image of the City, defines basic elements of a city's imageability
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What was published by Jane Jacobs in 1961?
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The Death and Life of Great American Cities
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What was published by Richard Hedman and Frank Bair in 1961?
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And On the Eighth Day, a book of cartoons about the planning profession
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What became the first state to institute state-wide planning in 1961?
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Hawaii
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What was created in 1961 to foster joint management of the Delaware River's water resources?
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The Delaware River Basin Commission
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What planning concept was laid out in A Choice Theory of Planning by Paul Davidoff and Thomas Reiner in 1962?
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Advocacy planning
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What did the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors clear the way for in 1962 by establishing VA's first residential planning community zone?
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Reston
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What new town was created in MD in 1963?
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Columbia, MD
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What did TJ Kent publish in 1964?
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The Urban General Plan
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What was the point of The Federal Bulldozer by Martin Anderson in 1964?
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Indicts then-current urban reviewal program counterproductive to its professed aims of increased low and middle income housing supply- contributes to change in urban policy
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What did President Johnson declare at a commencement speech at Michigan in 1964 and what were the ramifications?
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War on poverty, urges congressional authorization of many remedial programs, plus the establishment of a cabinet level Department of Housing and Community Development
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What department was created in 1965 and who was its first secretary?
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HUD, Robert Weaver
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What did John Reps publish in 1965 and what was it about?
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The Making of Urban America, the first comprehensive history of American urban planning beginning with colonial times
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What anniversary occurred in 1967?
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Planning profession became 50 years old
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What did AIP do in 1967?
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Widened its scope to include social planners and physical planners, not just land use planners
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What did Ian McHarg publish in 1969?
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Design with Nature, which ties planning to the natural environment
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What did Mel Scott publish in 1969?
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American City Planning Since 1890
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What was the significance of the Miami Valley (Ohio) Regional Planning Commission Housing Plan of 1970?
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It was the first to allocated low and moderate income housing on a fair basis
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What did AIP adopt in 1971?
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A Code of Ethics for planners
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What was the significance of the demolition of the Pruitt-Igoe Project in St. Louis in 1972?
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It represented a move away from massive, isolating, high-rise structures to a more human form of public housing architecture
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What Fund was established in 1976?
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Historic Preservation Fund
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What did the AIP conduct for the first time in 1977?
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The AIP membership exam
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What two organizations merged to become APA in 1978?
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American Institute of Planners and American Society of Planning Officials
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What did the Reagan Revolution mean for planning?
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Profession had to adapt to a new (counter- New Deal) policy environment: reduced federal domestic spending, privatization, deregulation, phase-out of some planning-related grant programs
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What was established in 1980 to represent the academic branch of the planning profession?
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The Associated Collegiate Schools of Planning
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What did ASCP issue in 1981?
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The first volume of its journal- The Journal of Education and Planning Research
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What was Seaside, FL (constructed 1984) and what was its significance?
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One of the earliest examples of New Urbanism- emphasized urban features like compactness, walkability, mixed-use, and promoted a nostalgic architectural style
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What history-focused organization was founded in 1987?
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The Society of American City and Regional Planning History
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What did the Council on Post Secondary Education decide in 1989?
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The Planning Accreditation Board was recognized as the sole accrediting agency in the field of professional planning education
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What did AICP inaugurate in 1999 to recognize distinguished individual contributions by long term AICP members?
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College of Fellows
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What did President Clinton create in 2000?
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8 new national monuments in 5 western states
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What was the impact of 9/11 on design of public buildings?
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Introduced ornamental bollards, planters, retractable barricades
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