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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a rock?
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-made of 1 or more pure, naturally occurring, non-living (abiotic) crystalline materials (minerals).
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what is minarals?
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-usually rare (precious); however, some are abundant in Earth’s thin outer layer (crust).
-can be pure (element- ex. Gold, or iron). -can be a mixture of more than one element (compound- ex. Quartz = silicon + oxygen). |
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what is the mohs hardness scale?
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-a test for a substance’s “scratchability.”
-used to determine mineral identification (ID). -named after German scientist Friedrich Mohs in 1812. -scale of 1-10 in hardness developed using 10 minerals which varied in hardness. |
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using the mohs hardness scale, how hard is my fingernail?
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2.5
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some examples of objects using the mohs hardness scale
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knife - 7
glass - 5.5 penny - 3.5 fingernail - 2.5 |
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some notes on crystals
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- 3000+ minarals
- crystal formation is also used for mineral ID - there are 7 different crystal shapes - a crystal is a solid material whose constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. |
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notes on luster
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- also used ofr mineral ID
- if it is shiny then we call that merallic - luster is the shininess - if it is not shiny then we say it is non-metallic |
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notes on color
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- used for mineral ID
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notes on streak
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- used for mineral ID - just like the others
- a streak happens when you rub it on a porcelain tile and it leaves a colored streak behind (Which is justs fancy talk for powedered mineral) |
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Clevage and Fracture notes
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- used for mineral ID
- if it breaks smothly then it has cleavage - an example would be mica - if it breaks rough and jagged then it has fracture - an example would be quartz |
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cleavage direction and their names
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- cleavage in 1 direction - ex. muscovite
- cleavage in 2 directions - ex. feldspar - cleavage in 3 directions - ex. halite |
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lava
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molten rock that comes out of a volcano. it is found near the surface of a errupting valcano.
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magma
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magma is some hot melted rock that is below the Earth's surface
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Schist
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Schist is a metamorphic rock that is split into almost parallel thin lines
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Gneiss
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Gneiss is a metamorphic rock that usually is formed from granite. Heat and pressure can cause it to go into thin lines in a curvy form.
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conglomerate
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conglomerate is a composition of rocks made up of particles that are in various sizes
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sedimentary
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sedimentary is a form of rock that is made up by the compression and deposition of small particles
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igneous
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igneous rock is a rock that is formed by the solidification of molten magma
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metamorphic
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metamorphic is a rock that has changed form its original form by heat and/or pressure
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extrusive
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extrusive of rock material; forced out while molten through cracks in the earth's surface
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intrusive
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intrusive rock that forms below the Earth's surface
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granite
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granite is a coarse-grained igneous rock that has quartz, feldspar, and mica.
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shale
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shale a sedimentary rock formed by the deposition of successive layers of clay
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coal
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coal is a readily combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock normally occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds
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salt
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salt is a colorless or white crystalline solid, chiefly sodium chloride, used extensively in ground or granulated form as a food seasoning and preservative.
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what is the only liquid layer in the earth?
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the outer core
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which part of the earth is made mostly of iron and nickle?
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the inner core, and some of the outer core.
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what is the thinnest layer of the earth?
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the crust
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200 million years ago the earth looked different. what was it called then?
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Pangaea
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what is the line between two tectonic plates called?
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a boundary
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what is a convergent boundary?
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it is when two tectonic plates move towards eachother
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what is a divergent boundary?
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it is when two tectonic plates move away from eachother
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what is a transform boundary?
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it is when two tectonic plates slide past or rub eachother
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what is the lithosphere?
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it is a rigid outer layer of the earth that is broken up into tectonic plates
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what is the precambrian era?
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it was before cambrian time and there was only single-cell organisms
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the hadean time
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this was up to 4 billion years ago and there was geological records
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