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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Carboxyl group |
-COOH |
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What is an amino acid? |
Has an NH2 group and carboxyl group |
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What's a zwitterion? |
Neutral molecule with both a positive and negative charge |
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What's an isoelectric point? |
pH where the overall charge is neutral and molecule exists as a zwitterion |
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Primary structure |
Sequence of amino acids |
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Chiral centre |
Carbon atom bonded to 4 different groups |
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Condensation reaction |
Two molecules reacting together to form a larger molecule with the elimination of a smaller molecule |
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What's the opposite of esterification? |
Ester hydrolysis |
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Secondary protein structure |
Folding of chains to form helices/sheets |
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Tertiary proteins |
Final 3D structure |
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Why are amines with small alkyl groups soluble but not large alkyl groups? |
Large molecules cant break waters hydrogen bonds |
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Polyamides are made from which monomers? |
Diamines and dicarboxylic acids |
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Naming nylons |
1st number - diamine 2nd number - dicarboxylic acid |
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Acyl chloride + amine = ? |
Amide + HCl |
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Acyl chloride + alcohol = ? |
Ester + HCl |
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What makes up a nucleotide? |
Sugar, phosphate, base |
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What is the rate determining step when substrate concentration is high? |
EP --> E+P |
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What is the rate determining step when substrate concentration is low? |
E + S --> ES |
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Competitive inhibitor |
Molecules that fit the active site but don't react |
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Pharmacophore |
The part that gives a medicine it's pharmalogical effect |
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Which bases pair together in DNA? |
A---T C---G |
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Which part of the base molecule bonds to the sugar in DNA? |
The N atom from the -NH group |
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Differences between DNA and RNA? |
RNA has... 1. Ribose sugar 2. Uracil base instead of Thymine 3. Exists as single strand |
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Gene |
Segment of DNA responsible for a particular protein |
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Conditions needed for protein hydrolysis |
Strong HCl and reflux |
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Which monomers make up polyesters? |
Dicarboxylic acid and diol |
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Describe an active site and give its function |
A specific shape in the enzyme structure to which a substrate bonds to, where a reaction occurs |
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Why do EZ isomers exist? |
C=C double bond can't rotate. 2 different groups attached to both C atoms |
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How to test for an amine? |
Theyre basic so turn damp litmus blue. React with acyl chloride to produce white HCl fumes. |
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Amine + Acid --> |
Ammonium salt |
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Acidic hydrolysis of amide |
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Basic hydrolysis of amides |
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