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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the three anatomical components of the heart
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- autonomic ns
- heart - vaculature |
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regulator of the cs
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autonomic ns
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pressure pump of the cs
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heart
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blood vessles of the cs
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vasculature
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fxn of cardiovascular sys
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- maintain a continuous circulation of blood that meets the nutritional demands of hte peripheral organ/ tissues
- distribute drugs to the various tissues |
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def cardiac output
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amt of blood pumped by one ventricle / unit time
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vl of cardiac output
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5L/ min
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total length of the cap in the human body
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59,000 miles
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how far away is a cell away from a capillary
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- 0.125 mm
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what happens when cardiac output dec
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- diminished capillary perfusion
- reduced rate and extent of drug distribution |
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blood flow through the heart
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superior vena cava-> right atrium -> tricuspid -> r ventricle -> pul valve -> pul artery -> lungs -> become oxygenated blood -> pul vein -> left atrium -> mitral valve -> left ventricle -> aorta -> body
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def preload
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ventricle filling
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when does the ventricel fill
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during distole, ventricles fill with blood passively
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def lvedp
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the filling pressure for the left ventricle
lvedp= left ventricle end diastole pressure |
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how is the lvedp determined
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pulmonary venous pressure
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def afterload
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the resistance aginsht which the left ventricle must pump blood and is represented by aortic impedance and systemic vascular resistance
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in congestive heart failure how is resistance affected
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- systemic resistances is inc
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cardiac perforamnce is a fxn of what 4 primary factors
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-preload
-afterload -contractility - heart rate |
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def: contractility
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intrinsic property of the cardiac muscle to pump blood out of the heart
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as contractility dec, what is the effect on velocity and rate of intraventricular pressure
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as contractility dec, the velocity of hte muscle shortening and the rate of intraventricular presure development dec
resuls in reduction in pump performance of the heart |
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def heart rate
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velocity at which the heart pumps to deliver blood
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stroke vl affect heart rate how
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dec stroke volume, there is a n increase in heart rate
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what activates the heart rate
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sympathetic activation of b adrenoceptors
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co= ?
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co= sv x hr
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sv is determined by 3 factors
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- preload
- afterload - contractility |
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4 med conditions that causes compromising co
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- acute myocardial infarction
- arrhythmias - heart failure - permanent hypertension |
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what med condition cause increase in co
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- hypertension
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oral absorption of digoxin in heart valure patient
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- absorption is slower
- Cpeak is lower - total amt absorbed is the same |
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heart failure patients and their clearance levels
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both hepatic and renal cl are reduced significantly
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effect of digoxin in heart failure based on the absorption and elimination rates and how do you dose adjust
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- absorption: delayed
- elimination: dec dosage adjustment not needed, adjust dose according to creeatine cl and monitor plasma levels |
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lidocaine in heart failure
effect on v and cl and how do you dose adjust |
v= dec
cl- dec cl = vd/ k vd dec, cl dec 1) reduce loading dose 2) reduc rate of admin |
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do you see the same effect in term of ld, md, and v and cl for quinidine
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yes
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theophylline and heart failure effect on v, t1/2 and cl and dose adjustment
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v= same
t1/2 = inc cl= dec - reduce rate of admin and always monitor plasma levels |
