Pjones - ****anatomy Final Triage

Front 1

white fibrous capsule in testes

Back 1

tunica albuginea - inner

Front 2

extension of parietal peritoneum.

Back 2

tunica vaginalis - outer

Front 3

6m long coiled duct adhering to the posterior of testes. Site of sperm maturation & storage (fertile for 60 days)

Back 3

epididymus

Front 4

Muscular tube 45 cm long passing up from scrotum through inguinal canal to posterior surface of bladder (peristalsis during orgasm)

Back 4

vas deferens

Front 5

60% of semen comes from ____________

Back 5

seminal vesicles

Front 6

1/3 volume of semen comes from

Back 6

prostate gland

Front 7

alkaline urethra prior to ejaculation. Near bulb of penis
–Empty into penile urethra
–Lubricating fluid

Back 7

Bulbourethral glands (Cowpers)

Front 8

regions of the male urethra

Back 8

1. prostatic 2. membranous 3. penile

Front 9

veins ascending near testicular artery. Countercurrent heat exchanger cools arterial blood entering the testis

Back 9

Pampiniform plexus

Front 10

________ stimulates interstitial cells to produce _______.

Back 10

Leutenizing hormones; testasterone

Front 11

components of semen

Back 11

Fructose (energy), fibrenogen (cause clotting), fibrenolysin (liquify semen in 30 min), spermine (base stabilizer), prostaglandins (stimulate female contractions)

Front 12

_______ is a base for stabilizing sperm PH at 7.2 to 7.6

Back 12

spermine

Front 13

total number of permanent teeth.

Back 13

32

Front 14

seminiferous tubules drain into network called

Back 14

rete testes

Front 15

what do testicular interstitial cells produce?

Back 15

testosterone

Front 16

Proximal convoluted tubule PCT reabsorbs about ___% of the glomerular filtrate

Back 16

65%

Front 17

primary role is water conservation. Generates salinity gradient that allows colecting duct to concemntrate urine.

Back 17

nephron loop

Front 18

reabsorbs water and concentrates urine

Back 18

collecting duct

Front 19

regulated by hormones - aldesterone, ADH, Parathyroid hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide

Back 19

distal convoluted tubule.

Front 20

enzyme that acts on fat _____

Back 20

lipase

Front 21

peptidase, typsin, chymotrypsin

Back 21

protien enzyme

Front 22

which closes off the top end of the stomach and the pyloric sphincter

Back 22

cardiac sphincter

Front 23

mucous cells secrete _____

Back 23

mucus

Front 24

parietal cells secrete ________________

Back 24

hydrocloric acid and intrinsic factor

Front 25

chief cells secrete

Back 25

chymosin and lipase in infancy; and pepsinogen throughout life

Front 26

3 functions of the lymphatic system?

Back 26

fluid recovery, immunity, lipid absorption

Front 27

functions of the spleen?

Back 27

disposal center for RBC. Filters blood and detects antigens. acts as blood reservoir. blood production in fetus.

Front 28

enzyme in saliva that kills bacteria

Back 28

lysozyme

Front 29

neutrophils killing bacteria and virus

Back 29

phagocytosis

Front 30

process by which neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls in responce to inflammatory signals

Back 30

diapedesis

Front 31

are gamma globulin proteins that are found in blood or other bodily fluids of vertebrates, and are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses.

Back 31

antibodies

Front 32

produced by plasma cells

Back 32

antibodies

Front 33

only organ to filter lymph

Back 33

lymph node

Front 34

reabsorbs salt and water and is regulated by several hormones

Back 34

Distal convoluted Loop

Front 35

Carries out tubular secretion. Removes solutes frm the blood and secretes them into tubular fluid.

Back 35

proximal convoluted loop

Front 36

Most sodium reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate is by _________

Back 36

proximal convoluted loop

Front 37

blood is initially filtered in the kidneys in a passive, non ATP driven mechanism in the _______________

Back 37

Glomerulus

Front 38

A drop in blood pressure causes the kidney to secrete ___________

Back 38

renin

Front 39

Hormone that promotes water retention by the kidneys?

Back 39

ADH

Front 40

Hormone that promotes sodium retention, which in turn leads to water retention?

Back 40

Aldosterone

Front 41

Angiotensin II does what?

Back 41

raise blood pressure by constricting vessels, reducing GFR, stimulating PCT to reabsorb NaCl and water, stimulates ADH and aldosterone secretion, stimulates thirst

Front 42

aldosterone secreted by?

Back 42

adrenal cortex

Front 43

internal fold in mucosa of hollow organ like st or ub. it is present when empty.

Back 43

rugae

Front 44

true or false: ADH controls urine concentration

Back 44

true

Front 45

True or false: ALD increases sodium and water resorbtion

Back 45

true

Front 46

micturition

Back 46

act of urinating

Front 47

4 stages of digestion

Back 47

ingestion, digestion, absorption, defecation

Front 48

polysaccharides break down into

Back 48

monosaccharides

Front 49

protiens break down into

Back 49

amino acids

Front 50

fats break down into

Back 50

glycerol and fatty acids

Front 51

In most areas, the walls of the digestive tract consist of 4 layers:

Back 51

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and outer serosa.

Front 52

functions of saliva

Back 52

1. begin starch and fat digestion. 2. inhibit bacteria 3. clean teeth 4. binds food together to aid in swallowing 5. moistens mouth

Front 53

digestive enzyme in saliva

Back 53

amylase and lipase

Front 54

enzyme in saliva that kills bacteria

Back 54

lysozyme

Front 55

ph of saliva?

Back 55

6.8 to 7

Front 56

stomach prodces a soupy mixture of semidigested food called ____________

Back 56

chyme

Front 57

most digestion occurs in the __________

Back 57

Small intestine

Front 58

sphincter between stomach and duodenum

Back 58

pyloric

Front 59

the sphincter between stomach and esophagus

Back 59

cardiac sphincter

Front 60

regulates passage of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.

Back 60

hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter of oddi)

Front 61

This sphincter protrudes into the cecum and regulates the passage of food residue into the LI.

Back 61

Ileocecal sphincter

Front 62

secrete mucus, predominate in the cardiac and pyloric glands

Back 62

mucous cells

Front 63

Parietal cells secrete ____________ and _______

Back 63

hydrocloric acid and intrinsic factor

Front 64

chief cells secrete

Back 64

chymocin and lipase in infancy, pepsinogen throughout life

Front 65

secrete hormones and paracrine messengers that regulate digestion.

Back 65

enteroendocrine cells

Front 66

what is absorbed by the stomach?

Back 66

asprin and lipid soluble drugs

Front 67

alcohol is absorbed by the ________

Back 67

small intestine

Front 68

gastric secretion is stimulated by _________, _________, and ___________

Back 68

ACh Acetylcholine, histamine and gastrin.

Front 69

bacteria of large intestine metabolize bilirubin to UROBILINOGEN which does what?

Back 69

gives poop brown color

Front 70

Bile contains

Back 70

minerals, bile acids, bile pigments, cholesterol, neutral fats, phospholipids

Front 71

recycling of bile salts from ileum

Back 71

enterohepatic circulation

Front 72

The pancreas is an endocrine and exocrine gland

Back 72

true: enocrine part secretes insulin and glucogon.

Front 73

the pancreas is retroparitoneal

Back 73

true

Front 74

Pancreatic juice is composed of two secretory products critical to proper digestion:

Back 74

digestive enzymes and bicorbonate

Front 75

eznymes of the pancreatic juice?

Back 75

1. protease=typsin and chymotrypsin 2. lipase
3. amylase 4. a host of other digestive enzymes, including ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, gelatinase and elastase.

Front 76

digestion of proteins is initiated by ?

Back 76

pepsin in the stomach

Front 77

final digestion of peptides into amino acids is largely the effect of ____________ on the surface of

Back 77

peptidases; small intestinal epithelial cells

Front 78

small intestine has 3 regions:

Back 78

1st duodenum, middle is jejunum, end 60% ileum

Front 79

lymphatic nodules (lymphocytes) found in the ileum are called _____________

Back 79

peyers patches

Front 80

like the epithelial cells of the stomach, those of the small intestine are joined by ___________ to keep digestive enzymes from seeping between them.

Back 80

tight junctions

Front 81

lymphatic capillary in villa of small intestine that absorbs fat

Back 81

lacteal

Front 82

most common movement of the small intestine/duodenum

Back 82

segmentation

Front 83

longitudinal muscle fibers in the colon form ________ which produce ____________

Back 83

tenia coli; haustra (pouches)

Front 84

appendix is attached to the lower end of the _____

Back 84

cecum

Front 85

left colic flexure is known as _________

Back 85

splenic flexure

Front 86

right colic flexure is known as ____________

Back 86

hepatic flexure