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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell |
The basic functional and structural unit of life |
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Diffusion |
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration |
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Osmosis |
The diffusion of water across a membrane; water moving from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration |
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membrane (phospholipid bilayer) |
A barrier of fats that work together to control what goes in and what gets out of a cell; substances exit and enter via protein channels |
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Eukaryotes |
Cells which have their nuclear material contained by a nuclear membrane (eukaryotes are in 'you') |
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Prokaryotes |
Cells which have their nuclear material free-floating in the cell; 'pro' rhymes with 'no' = no nuclear membrane |
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Endocytosis |
The process by which a cell brings nutrients into the cell through the membrane |
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Exocytosis |
The process by which a cell moves waste from the cytoplasm close to the membrane, and then pushes waste out of the cell. |
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Pseudopod |
False foot: when an amoeba stretches out its cytoplasm like a foot or arm to catch nutrients |
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Phagocytosis |
A type of endocytosis where a cell extends a pseudopod to gather nutrients |
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Concentration gradient |
The degree of difference between An area of high concentration and low concentration |
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Magnification |
The degree to which an a microscope makes an object appear larger |
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Turgor pressure |
An outward force exerted by the cytoplasm on the cell membrane that keeps plants standing upright |
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Bacteria |
the most basic of all unicellular organisms; lacks a nucleus |
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Protist |
an organism that is neither plant nor animal, but shares many of the same characteristics of both; usually unicellular, but can be multicellular |
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fungi |
organisms that usually obtain nutrients from dead or decaying matter and cannot carry out photosynthesis; nutrients are usually absorbed |
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invertebrate |
an animal without a backbone |
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vertebrate |
an animal with a backbone |
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cell theory |
the theory that states that all living things consist of cells, that the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells |
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nucleus |
The large, membrane-bounded organelle that contains the genetic material, in the form of multiple linear DNA molecules organized into structures called chromosomes. |
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
The RER bears many ribosomes on its outer surface giving it a rough appearance; hence, its name. Since RER has ribosomes attached to its surface it is therefore involved in protein synthesis and secretion. It synthesizes and secretes serum proteins |
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Smooth Endomplasmic Reticulm |
The SER, on the other hand, does not have ribosomes on its surface. Its functions include synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbohydrates and calcium concentration, drugdetoxification, and attachment of receptors on cell membrane proteins. It is also involved in intracellular transport. |
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Golgi Apparatus |
composed of membrane-bound stacks: involved in adding carbohydrate to a protein, packaging of molecules like proteins into vesicles for secretion, transport of lipids around the cell, and the creation of lysosomes |
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Cell Wall |
a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose. |
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Lysosome |
an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing enzymes, which has it's own membrane, and breaks down or recycles elements in a cell |
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Ribosomes |
responsible for synthesizing proteins - like photocopiers cranking out new proteins as needed |
